Center: 
Rio de Janeiro
Discipline(s): 
Anthropology
Course code: 
AN 395
Terms offered: 
Fall
Spring
Credits: 
3
Language of instruction: 
English
Instructor: 
Maria Rita Villela
Description: 

This seminar aims at increasing knowledge and awareness of students who engage in social action, helping them combine theoretical approaches and practical issues encountered on the ground during their service learning experience.  Building on the field of “anthropology and development” students will be able to understand the context in which the nonprofit organizations, also known as “third sector”, operate in Brazil, and how their approach has been transformed over the last thirty to forty years.  By learning first-hand about the interactions between state, market, and nonprofits and learning basic approaches to qualitative and quantitative research, they will be in a better position to interpret the work market that awaits them after graduation. 

Prerequisites: 

Two semesters of Portuguese, or advanced level of Spanish.

Learning outcomes: 

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

  • Understand the main issues in Brazilian contemporary society from a social, environmental and economic perspective
  • Become aware of the differences between state, market and the nonprofit sectors
  • Articulate the history of the nonprofit sector in Brazil and its current challenges
  • Compare the approaches of ‘development anthropology’ and ‘anthropology of development’ in the Brazilian context
  • Apply the idea of sustainable development to understand paradigms of social and development policy
  • Apply basic qualitative and quantitative research techniques
Method of presentation: 

Class discussions, guest lectures, film viewings, and Moodle.

Required work and form of assessment: 

Class participation and presentation (20%); journal (15%); analysis (15%); final report (25%); on-site evaluation by work supervisor (25%).

Journal: Students will submit a one to two-page journal entry per week about their experience in Rio, including notes on their work and observations about life in the city, emphasizing cultural aspects related to what is being discussed in class.

Analysis:  Students will compare statistics about poverty, race, gender, economy and health in Rio de Janeiro using the following sources: Datasus, SIDRA/IBGE and Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano.  The analysis (5-7 pages long) should be submitted by Session 6.  

Presentation:  For Session 8, students will prepare a 5-slide powerpoint presentation on their service learning experience, including background information about the organization, main tasks that were carried out, challenges and lessons.

Final report: Students will choose two related topics discussed in class to develop an individual report (8-10 pages in length), which may include interviews and/or the use of statistics, and should refer to all required readings and at least one recommended reading, to be submitted by Session 12.

content: 

Session 1: Anthropology and development: the history of a relationship.

  • Discussion about motivations: why work as a volunteer?
  • Presentation about Service Learning placements and the seminar structure
  • Why have the relationships between anthropology and development been so problematic? 
  • What do the concepts of “brokers” and “translators” mean? 

Required readings: Bennett, William: 23-53; Mosse, David: 1-26.

Session 2: “Do you know who you are talking to?!”: individual and person in Brazil.

  • The “Brazilian little way”
  • The “house” and the “street”: public and private in Brazil
  • Contrasts between hierarchical and egalitarian societies

Required reading: DaMatta, Roberto: 137-159.

Session 3: Unintended consequences of social projects and policies.

  • Discussion of the “Lesotho project” case
  • Understanding the roles of state and market in development initiatives
  • Contrast projects, programs and policy
  • Monitoring and evaluation: by whom?

Required readings: Ferguson, James: 251-277; Sorrentino, Marcello: 206-223.

Session 4: Non-governamental and not for profit: the questions of policy and of funding.

  • Background on “nonprofit sector” in Brazil
  • The “project” mentality and the interface with public services
  • Who funds?
  • Contemporary issues and social movements

Required readings: Landim, Leilah (1993): 1-20; Landim, Leilah (2008): 1-14.

Session 5: Quantitative fieldwork method: gathering and making use of some recent statistics in Brazil.

  • The uses and limitations of quantitative approaches in social sciences: Brazilian 2010 Census
  • Brazilian indicators: Datasus, SIDRA/IBGE and Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano
  • To become familiar with the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)

Required readings: IBGE: 2010 Census; Saith, Ashwani: 1167–1199.

Session 6: Qualitative fieldwork method: interviews.

  • The uses and limitations of qualitative approaches in social sciences.
  • How to prepare for and carry out an interview.
  • Guidelines to ethical research methods.

Required readings: Malinowski, Bronislaw: 1-26; Roulston, Kathryn: 643-668.

Session 7: Development encounter: ethics in social projects and policy.

  • Identifying contrasts between social borders, limits and frontiers
  • To discuss the different motivations behind social and development projects

Required reading: Lamont, Michèle: 167-195.

Film viewing: Cao Hamburger, Xingu (2012).

Session 8: Student presentations

Session 9: Gender, violence and development: considerations about Brazil

  • To understand the role of women in many social policies around the world and in Brazil
  • What are the international agencies’ approaches to gender and development?
  • What are some of the current national discussions about gender in Brazil?

Required reading: Gregori, Maria Filomena: 216-235.

Session 10: Environment and development: Brazilian perspectives.

  • To understand common definitions of sustainable development
  • To become familiar with Bjorn Lomborg’s and/or Lester Brown’s perspectives: http://www.lomborg.com/, http://www.earth-policy.org/.
  • Discussions on science and policy interface
  • Notion of participation

Required readings: Adams, William: 139-174; Zhouri, Andrea: 183-208.

Session 11: Rio de Janeiro: sexuality and the city.

  • To get a brief overview of debates between sexuality, the city and the body from contemporary writers who research in Rio de Janeiro.

Required reading: Zaluar, Alba: 7-27.

Session 12: Conclusions. Final report due.

Required readings: 
  • Adams, William. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the South. London: Routledge, 2001.
  • Bennett, William. “Applied and Action Anthropology: Ideological and Conceptual Aspects”. In: Current Anthropology 36 (February Supplement), 1996.
  • Damatta, Roberto. Carnival, Rogues and Heroes: An Interpretation of the Brazilian Dilemma.  University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.
  • Ferguson, James.  The Anti-Politics Machine: Development, Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho.  University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
  • Gregori, Maria Filomena. “Violence and gender: Political paradoxes, conceptual shifts.” In: Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, v.7, n.2. Brasilia, July-December 2010. Available at http://www.vibrant.org.br/issues/v7n2/maria-filomena-gregori-violence-and-gender/  
  • IBGE. “2010 Census: Brazilian population amounts to 190,732,694 persons”. http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766
  • Lamont, Michèle and Virág Molnár. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” In: Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 28 (2002).
  • Landim, Leilah. "Defining the Nonprofit Sector: Brazil”. In: Salamon, Lester and Helmut Anheier (eds.). Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, no. 9.  Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1993.
  • ____________.  “Thirty years and recent dilemmas: NGOs and Third Sector in Brazil (and Latin America)”. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference of the International Society for Third Sector Research (ISTR).  Barcelona, July 2008.
  • Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Routledge: London, 1932. http://archive.org/details/argonautsofthewe032976mbp.
  • Mosse, David. Development Brokers and Translators: The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies. Bloomfield, Kamarian Press, 2006.
  • Roulston, Kathryn, deMarrais, and Lewis. “Learning to interview in the social sciences”. In: Qualitative Inquiry, vol. 9, no. 4, 2003. http://qix.sagepub.com/content/9/4/643.
  • Saith, Ashwani. “From Universal Values to Millennium Development Goals: Lost in Translation”. In: Development and Change, Volume 37, Issue 6,  November 2006. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2006.00518.x/full.
  • Sorrentino, Marcello. Development in the Mountains of Confusion: Guaribas under the Zero Hunger Programme. London School of Economics, 2011.
  • Zaluar, Alba. “Turf war in Rio de Janeiro: Youth, Drug Traffic and Hyper-masculinity”. In: Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology. Vol. 7, N. 2. 2010. http://www.vibrant.org.br/issues/v7n2/alba-zaluar-turf-war-in-rio-de-janeiro/.
  • Zhouri, Andréa, and Raquel Oliveira. “Development and environmental conflicts in Brazil: Challenges for Anthropology and Anthropologists”. In: Vibrant, v.9, n.1. Brasilia, January-June 2012. http://www.vibrant.org.br/issues/v9n1/andrea-zhouri-and-raquel-oliveira-development-and-environmental-conflicts-in-brazil/
Brief Biography of Instructor: 

Maria Rita Villela graduated in Social Sciences from PUC-Rio in 2005 and earned a Masters Degree in Anthropology and Development from the London School of Economics in 2007.  She has been working as a researcher at ISER (Institute of Religious Studies), a prestigious non-profit institution in Rio de Janeiro, monitoring and evaluating social projects throughout the country.  Rita is currently a Ph.D candidate in Social Sciences at PUC-Rio, and her main field of interest are the social-environmental issues and discourses on sustainable development.