Center: 
Paris BIA
Discipline(s): 
Management
International Business
Course code: 
MG/IB 360
Terms offered: 
Fall
Spring
Credits: 
3
Language of instruction: 
English
Instructor: 
Dr. Alexandre Biotteau
Description: 

This course looks at questions of leadership in the modern world, in the domains of business, policy-making, and service organizations. As many young people want to make a difference or will go on to jobs in which they will be faced with questions of “changing” the world or simply their organization, the course will attempt to show them how leadership may (or not) make that possible, given the cultural context.

The course first surveys a variety of approaches to the question, looking both at definitions of basic concepts as well as how these definitions may be considered in different cultural contexts. The goal is to analyze and develop an understanding of what leadership means, particularly in an intercultural context that is characteristic of our global world. It will thus explore the relationship between culture and leadership. Then the course will analyze selected issues that most influence decision makers such as values and ethics and decision-making, mediation and conflict, an d leading change as well as the role of media. This course will look at how future leaders themselves can approach these issues by attempting to answer the questions, what makes good leaders and what skills do they need.

Additional requirements: 

Required Viewing
Thirteen Days. 2000. Dir. Roger Donaldson.

Learning outcomes: 

By the end of the course, students are able to:

  • Recognize different types of leaders/leadership
  • Understand the use of different leadership styles used in different cultural contexts
  • Discover their own leadership style
  • Understand the role of a leader in change from both theoretical and practical points of view
  • Understand how a leader can succeed or fail and what make the difference
Method of presentation: 

Lecture and seminar. Case studies with broad application and also those pertinent to the local context wherever possible will be used regularly for getting a hands-on approach to the questions at hand. Personal accounts from social partners and policy makers as well as field studies to appropriate business, policy-making and service organizations will give students an opportunity to speak with practitioners.

Required work and form of assessment: 
  • Seminar Participation, attendance and possible quizzes (10%)
  • Midterm (25%)
  • Group Presentations (25%) Groups of two or more students will be assigned to prepare and lead each session including readings and case studies and facilitate discussions.
  • Press Review (10%): Analysis and oral presentation of current international news article on course topic.
  • Research Essay/project of 3,500 words (30%)

Depending on the interests and language abilities of students and the local context, students
choose between a final community-based research project or undertake an academic research project. The final project should focus on a case of leadership or an issue (non-US) that represents ‘change’— whether in public policy, business practice, or social service (e.g. proposed tuition fees for so- called public universities in France or legislating bonuses for traders in major investment banks). Students should introduce many of the topics that the course covers—does change occur in the culture/country beginning with a grass roots movement or top-down, what is the role of the media, what are the conflicting points of view and how are they negotiated/mediated, who emerges as a leader and how, what are the cultural possibilities & limitations?

content: 

PART ONE: THE LEADER’S TOOLKIT

Class 1—Introduction to the Course; Expectations in the Classroom
Issues discussed:
- A tentative definition of leadership
- What are common leadership types: models in democratic organizations?
- What is the relationship between power and leadership?
- What is the difference with management?
- Brief history of leadership research.

Readings:
• March, James. On Leadership, Ch. 1
Suggested readings:
• Gardner, Howard. Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership.

Class 2 - Looking for the Leader Inside
Issues discussed:
- Is leadership measurable?
- Are there individual traits that are reliably linked to leadership?

In-Class Exercise:
- What is your leadership style? (self assessment)
- Work on and submit purpose, core values (self profiling questionnaire)

Readings:
• Antonakis J. “Leadership: What is it and how it is implicated in strategic change?”
• International Journal of Management Cases, 8(4), 4-20, 2006.
Suggested Readings:
• Ancona, Deborah. "Leadership in an Age of Uncertainty." Managing for the Future
• Organizational Behavior and Processes, Instr. Manual. pp. 1-21. Bennis, Warren. On becoming a leader.
• Kouzes, James and Barry Posner. The Leadership Challenge. pp. 13-22, 25.

Class 3 - Personality and Charisma
Issues discussed:
- Can everybody become a leader?
- Why do some individuals emerge as leaders and how they are attributed charisma.
- Personality traits of effective leaders, leadership attitudes.

Readings:
• Goffee, Robert; Jones, Gareth, “Why Should Anyone Be Led by You?”, Harvard Business
• Review, Sep/Oct. 2000, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p.62-70.
Suggested Readings:
• Boas Shamir, Robert J. House and Michael B. Arthur, “The Motivational Effects of
• Charismatic Leadership: A Self-Concept Based Theory”, Organization Science, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Nov.,
1993), pp. 577-594.
• Parks, Sharon Daloz. Leadership Can Be Taught. (Ch. 9, 10).
• Parsons T., The Structure of Social Action. New York: The Free Press, 1937, pp. 658-672.
• Weber, Max, “The Nature of Charismatic Authority and its Routinization”, in The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations, New York: The Free Press, 1947, pp. 358-392.

Class 4 - Leadership and Management
Issues discussed:

- What is the difference between managers and leaders?
- Different ways to deal with problems and to look for solutions
- Why both are necessary but difficult to gather in the same place

Readings:
• Kotter, John, “What Leaders Really Do”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68 No.3, pp.103-11, May- June 1990,
Suggested Readings:
• Peters, Tom, “Leadership: Sad Facts and Silver Linings”, Harvard Business Review, 1979, Nov- Dec; 57(6):164-72.
• Zaleznik, Abraham. “Managers and Leaders: Are They Different?”, Harvard Business Review,
55:3, 67-78, May-June 1977

Class 5 - Cultural Differences and Leadership Styles
Issues discussed:
- What are the different views of leadership in different cultures and in different domains within cultures?
- What are the different leadership styles and different codes of behavior in different cultures
(and even within those cultures)?

Assignment:
Self assessment, increased awareness of the role of communication in an intercultural setting; Review own communication norms and relate those to an intercultural context.

Readings:
• Lewis, Richard. When Cultures collide: leading across cultures. (Ch.7).
Suggested Readings:
• Fauré, Guy Olivier. How People Negotiate: The Resolution of Conflicts in Different Cultures.
• Herwig Reynaert, Kristof Steyvers, Pascal Delwit & Jean-Benoit Pilet (eds.) Local Political
Leadership in Europe: Town Chief, City Boss or Loco President?Kellerman, Barbara. Political
Leadership in Liberal Democracies. (Ch tba)
• Kellerman, Barbara. Political Leadership: A Source Book. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Press.
• Moran, Harris and Moran, Managing Cultural differences, Global leadership strategies for the 21st century. (Ch.2)

Class 6 - Cross-Cultural Communication
Issues discussed:
- Social, historical and cultural values of communication and its rules; formal and informal communication; gender roles and hierarchal society structures.
- Defining how these rules differ from society to society. What do students identify in their host culture? How do these rules compare to the U.S.?
- Recognizing communication practices that can hinder an effective intercultural exchange. How can we overcome them?
- What is the impact of this adjustment on the person undergoing it?

In-class Exercise:
Simulate an intercultural conversation (in different settings: among students, business meeting, between student and faculty). It is important to use verbal, non-verbal and written communication to understand the whole spectrum of interaction.

Readings:
• Faure, Guy Olivier, “Negotiation: The Chinese Concept”. Negotiation Journal, 1998, 14:137–148.
Suggested Readings:
• Augsburger, David. Conflict Mediation Across Cultures: Pathways and Patterns.

• Avruch, Kevin, Peter Black, and Joseph Scimecca, eds. Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural
Perspectives.
• Barge, J.K. Leadership: Communication skills for organizations and group, New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1994
• Fauré, Guy Olivier, “Negotiations to Set Up Joint Ventures in China”, International Negotiation,
2000, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p157-189.
• Cohen, Raymond. Negotiating Across Cultures: Communication Obstacles in International
Diplomacy.
• Lewis, Richard D., When Cultures collide: leading across cultures. (Ch.5)

Class 7 - Gender and Leadership
Account of a woman politician on her professional activity. Issues discussed:
- How do gender influences leadership style and behavior?
- Is there naturally a different way of leading based on gender?
- Stereotypes and the way cultures shape inequalities of status between men and women.
- A new rise of women leaders?

Readings:
• Thompson, Michael D., “Gender, Leadership Orientation, and Effectiveness: Testing the
• Theoretical Models of Bolman & Deal and Quinn”, Sex Roles, Volume 42, Numbers 11-12, 969-
992, 2000.
Suggested Readings:
• Eagly , Alice H. and Johnson, Blair T., "Gender and Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis". CHIP Documents. Paper 11, 1990.
• Heilman, M. E, Wallen, A. S., Fuchs, D., & Tamkins, M. M.”Penalties for success: Reactions to women who succeed at male gender typed tasks”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 2004: 416-
427.
• Klenke, K., Women and Leadership: A Contextual Perspective, New York, NY, Springer, 1996.
• Robnett, Belinda, "African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership and Micromobilization", American Journal of Sociology, 101(6): 1661-93, May 1996.
• Rosener, Judy B. "Ways Women Lead." Harvard Business Review, Volume 68, Number 6,:
• 119-125, November-December 1990.

Class 8 - Social and Racial Backgrounds in Leadership
Issues discussed:
- Can race and ethnicity provide specific skills for leadership?
- Impact of social brokers and community-based organizations

Readings:
• McIlwain, Charlton D. “Perceptions of Leadership and the Challenge of Obama’s Blackness.” Journal of Black Studies, 38: 64-74, 2007
Suggested Readings:
• Covin, David. “The Praxis of Black Leadership in the Twenty-First Century.” Souls, 10(1): 59-67,
2008.
• Marable, Manning . “Introduction: Racializing Obama: The Enigma of Postblack Politics and
Leadership,” Souls, 11(1): 1-15, January 2009.
• Marwell, Nicole P. Bargaining for Brooklyn: Community Organizations in the Entrepreneurial City, Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2007.
• Purdue, Derrick. “Neighbourhood Governance: Leadership, Trust and Social Capital”, Urban
Studies, November 2001, vol. 38(12): 2211-2224.
• Venkatesh, Sudhir. Gang leader for a day : A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets, New York: Penguin Press, 2008.

Class 9 - Movie Presentation
Documentary on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: Citizen King, by Orlando Bagwell (2004, PBS)

Class 10 - Midterm Exam
PART TWO: TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Class 11 - Change in Practice
Issues discussed:
-In theory: what is a leader’s role in change? Creating a vision and setting goals.
-What qualities make for a successful leadership during a period of change?
-What is the role of ‘followership’ in change?
-The leader’s role: modeling, developing guidelines/rules, clarifications, establishing culture

Readings:
• Kotter, John P., “Leading Change”, Harvard Business Review, Jan. 2007, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p.96-
103
Suggested Reading:
• Balazs, Katharina. “Some Like it Haute: Leadership Lessons from France’s Great Chefs.” Kanter, Rosabeth M. “Even bigger change: A framework for getting started at changing the world”, Harvard Business School, 2005, Note 305-099.
• Kanter, Rosabeth M. “Leadership for change: Enduring skills for Change masters”
• Harvard business School, 2003, Note 304-062.
• Kotter, John P., Leading Change, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
• Trompenaars A. and C. Hampden-Turner, 21 Leaders for the 21st century: How innovative leaders manage in the digital age, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

Class 12 - Leaders and Followers
Issues discussed:
- Leadership and followership
- Shift from the leader-centered view to the leaders-followers relationship.
- Various types of followers and why they follow leaders

Readings:
• Kellerman, Barbara, “What every leader needs to know about followers”, Harvard
Business Review, 2007 Dec;85(12):84-91, 145.
Suggested Readings:
• Kellerman, Barbara. Followership: How Followers Are Creating Change and Changing Leaders, Harvard Business School Press, 2008
• Kelly Robert E., “In Praise of Followers” in The Leader’s Companion, Chapter 31. Rost, Joseph, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century, Praeger Paperback, 1991.
• Rost, Joseph C. “Leaders and Followers are the People in this Relationship” in Wren, J. Thomas, The Leader’s Companion, New-York (NY), Free Press, 1995: Chapter 30

Class 13 - Grass-Roots Movements: The Case of Student Activism
Issues discussed:
-Student activism and its impact on world history
-The role of strategic planning in nonviolent movements.
-Cross-cultural leadership in student organizations.

Readings:
• Renn, Kristen A. And Brent L. Bilodea, “Leadership Identity Development Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Student Leaders”, NASPA Journal, Vol. 42, no.3, 2004, 342-367.
Suggested Readings:

• Altbach, Philip G. and Robert Cohen, “American Student Activism: The Post-Sixties
Transformation”, The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1990), pp. 32-49.
• Arendt, Hannah. Between Past and Future.
• Boulding, Elise. Building a Global Civic Culture: Education for an Interdependent World. Colby, Anne, Elizabeth Beaumont, Thomas Ehrlich, Josh Corngold. Educating for Democracy: Preparing
Undergraduates for Responsible Political Engagement.
• Helvey, Robert. On Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: Thinking About the Fundamentals.

Class 14 - Leadership and Change: Politics
Issues discussed:
- How do political leaders use their skills to affect change in policy in their national systems and within the international arena? Does this differ from other sectors and if so how?
- Using teams to effect change

Readings:
• Heberlig Eric, Marc Hetherington and Bruce Larson, “The Price of Leadership: Campaign Money and the Polarization of Congressional Parties”, The Journal of Politics, 68(4), November 2006:
992-1005.
• Case study on French Socialist party: Hanley, David. “Changing the Parti Socialiste: renewal or
Adaptation,” Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vo. 16, B°1, 83-97, April 2008.
Suggested Readings:
• Castles Frank and Robert D. Mckinlay, “Does Politics matter?”, European Journal of Political
Research, Volume 31, Numbers 1-2, 99-107.
• Northouse, Peter G., Leadership. Theory and practice: Ch. 9, Transformational Leadership.
• Ortmayer, Louis L. The Fall of Margaret Thatcher.

Class 15 - Leadership and Change: Public Policy
Issues discussed:
- Change in the public sphere: Public policy change and reform.
- Policy entrepreneurs as agents of change.
- How does organizational structure weigh in (bureaucracies)?
- What are the different difficulties faced in the public arena (path dependence, etc)?

Readings:
• Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Lavigna, Bob. “Transformational Leadership and Public Service Motivation: Driving Individual and Organizational Performance”. Public Administration Review, Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 70 Issue 5, p.710-718.
Suggested Readings:
• Fairholm, Matthew R., “Different Perspectives on the Practice of Leadership”, Public
Administration Review, Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 64 Issue 5, p577-590.
• Longdon and Cristofoli. Strategic Change management in the public sector: an EFMD European case book.
• Morse RS and TF Buss. Innovations in public leadership development.
• Morse RS, TF Buss and CM Kinghorn. Transforming public leadership for the 21st century.

Class 16 - Leadership and Change: Business Models
Issues discussed:
- Change in the business companies.
- Traditional values and possible changes in the organizational culture.

Readings:
• Muratbekova-Touron, Maral. “Permanence and Change: Case Study of Changes in Organizational
Culture at a Multinational Company.” Journal of Change Management, vol. 5, N° 2, 207-219, June
2005.

• Case study on Nissan Corp.: “Redesigning Nissan (A) Carlos Ghosn Takes charge” and
“Redesigning Nissan (B): Leading Change”, INSEAD, Hughes, Barsoux and Manzoni, 2003.
Suggested Readings:
• De Vries, Kets, “The Leadership Mystique”, Academy of Management Executive, 1994, Vol. 8, No.3.
• Graetz, Fiona. "Strategic change leadership", Management Decision, Vol. 38 Iss: 8, 2000, pp.550-
564.
• Lewis, Richard (Ed.). When Cultures collide: leading across cultures (Cultural Conditions and
Categorizing Cultures)
• Trompenaars A. and C. Hampden-Turner, Riding the Waves of Culture Understanding cultural diversity in Business. (2nd ed), Nicolas Brealey Publishing, London. 1997.

Class 17 - Media and Leadership
Issues discussed:
-Leadership under crisis and the role of communication.
-Modern tools for modern leadership? Social networking, new technologies and leadership
-Journalists as leaders and opinion makers
-Public opinion polls and the media.

Required Readings:
• Biddix, J. Patrick and Han Woo Park, “Online networks of student protest: the case of the living wage campaign”, New Media Society, December 2008 vol. 10 no. 6 871-891
Suggested Readings:
• Black, Jay, Bob Steele, Ralph Barney (The Poynter Institute). Doing Ethics in Journalism: A Handbook in Case Studies.
• Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold’s Ghost.
• Mayer, Bernard. The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Guide. (Ch. 6) Read, Donald., The Power of News: The History of Reuters (1849-1989).
• Scanlan, Christopher. Reporting and Writing: Basics for the 21st Century.

Class 18 - Ethics and Leadership
Issues discussed:
- What is the distinction between ethics and values?
- Can we follow ethics and make pragmatic choices?
- Ethic of responsibility, real politic and Ethic dilemma.

Readings:
• Gini, Al. “Business, Ethics, and Leadership in a Post Enron Era”, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Summer 2004; vol. 11, 1: pp. 9-15.
• Case study: “Leadership in Moral Conflict: Simone Veil and Abortion Reform in France”
• Veil, Simone. Leadership in Moral Conflict.
Suggested Readings:
• Ciulla, Joanne B. “Leadership Ethics: Mapping the Territory.” In Ethics: The Heart of Leadership, pp. 3-24.
• Kaplan, Robert D. Warrior politics: why leadership demands a pagan ethos Northouse, Peter G.,
Leadership: Theory and Practice. (Ch. 14, Leadership Ethics) Nye, Joseph S. The Powers to Lead. Ch. 5: Good and Bad leaders
• Price, Terry L. Understanding ethical failures in leadership.

Class 19 - Personal Account or Visit
Visit of an NGO or account of a policy officer of an International organization

Class 20 - Leadership Power and Influence
Issues discussed:

- Leadership at international level
- Leadership and global citizenship.
- Is there anything like a world hyperpower?
- What is soft power?

Readings:
• Obama B., “Renewing American Leadership”, Foreign Affairs , July/August 2007.
Suggested Readings:
• Allison, Graham. Essence of Decision: Explaining The Cuban Missile Crisis.
• Nye, Joseph, “Soft-power”, in Foreign Policy, No. 80, Twentieth Anniversary (Autumn, 1990), pp. 153-171.
• Tallberg, Jonas. Leadership and negotiation in the European Union: The Power of the Presidency, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Class 21 - Movie Presentation
Thirteen Days, by Roger Donaldson, 2000

Class 22 - Conclusion
Final Projects Due. Conclusion

Class 23 - Final Presentations

Presentation of research by students
Feedback by the professor.

Required readings: 

Antonakis J. “Leadership: What is it and how it is implicated in strategic change?” International Journal of Management Cases, 8(4), 4-20, 2006.

Biddix, J. Patrick and Han Woo Park, “Online networks of student protest: the case of the living wage campaign”, New Media Society, December 2008 vol. 10 no. 6 871-891

Faure, Guy Olivier, “Negotiation: The Chinese Concept”. Negotiation Journal, 1998, 14: 137– 148.

Gini, Al. “Business, Ethics, and Leadership in a Post Enron Era”, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Summer 2004; vol. 11, 1: pp. 9-15.

Goffee, Robert; Jones, Gareth, “Why Should Anyone Be Led by You?”, Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct. 2000, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p.62-70.

Heberlig Eric, Marc Hetherington and Bruce Larson, “The Price of Leadership: Campaign Money and the Polarization of Congressional Parties”, The Journal of Politics, 68(4), November 2006: 992-1005.

Kellerman, Barbara,“What every leader needs to know about followers”, Harvard Business Review, 2007 Dec;85(12):84-91, 145.

Kellerman, Barbara. Followership: How Followers Are Creating Change and Changing Leaders, Harvard Business School Press, 2008.

Kelly Robert E., “In Praise of Followers” in Wren, J. Thomas, The Leader’s Companion, New-York (NY), Free Press, 1995: Chapter 31.

Kotter, John P., “Leading Change”, Harvard Business Review, Jan. 2007, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p.96-103.

Kotter, John, “What Leaders Really Do”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68 No.3, pp.103-11, May- June 1990.

Lewis, Richard. When Cultures collide: leading across cultures. . (3rd ed) Nicolas Brealey, London, 2006: Chapter 7.

March, James and Thierry Weil. On Leadership, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2005.

McIlwain, Charlton D. “Perceptions of Leadership and the Challenge of Obama’s Blackness.” Journal of Black Studies, 38: 64-74, 2007.

Muratbekova-Touron Maral, “Permanence and Change: Case Study of Changes in Organizational Culture at a Multinational Company,”, Journal of Change Management, vol. 5, N° 2, 207-219, June 2005.

Northouse P., Leadership. Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications : Ch. 9, Transformational Leadership.

Obama B., “Renewing American Leadership”, Foreign Affairs , July/August 2007.

Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Lavigna, Bob. “Transformational Leadership and Public Service Motivation: Driving Individual and Organizational Performance”. Public Administration Review, Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 70 Issue 5, p710-718.

Renn , Kristen A. And Brent L. Bilodea, “Leadership Identity Development Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Student Leaders”, NASPA Journal, Vol. 42, no.3, 2004, 342-367.

Rost, Joseph C. “Leaders and Followers are the People in this Relationship” in Wren, J. Thomas,

The Leader’s Companion, New-York (NY), Free Press, 1995: Chapter 30. Rost, Joseph, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century, Praeger Paperback, 1991.

Thompson, Michael D., “Gender, Leadership Orientation, and Effectiveness: Testing the Theoretical

Models of Bolman & Deal and Quinn”, Sex Roles, Volume 42, Numbers 11-12, 969-992, 2000.