This course offers students a behind-the-scenes look at Italian politics from World War II to the present. Assuming that "Italy is the only Western country where the opposing political parties are considered enemies" (Pellegrino), the course will paint a picture of the national and international post-war scenarios that led to this radicalization of the internal debate. We will explore both the official version of facts and "hidden" political factors that generated contradictions and distortions in
parliamentary practice as well as the decision-making processes (“consociativismo”, corruption, collusion with the Mafia, terrorism, etc).
A key aspect of our course will be examples of politicians or public figures who offered alternative proposals and models of development. Analysis of dramatic political events will help students to understand the widespread lack of confidence in national institutions. Opportunities and challenges, progress and unresolved conflicts, ideological legacy and innovative viewpoints will all be contextualized within the reality of Milan, a city always at the forefront in giving voice to new cultural, social and political trends arising in the country.
Field studies include a visit to the Central Station of Milan, a symbol of the Fascist period and its
promises of imperial power - but also the place of deportation of Jews during World War II, and a visit to
Milan's San Vittore prison, a symbolic place of yet unsolved problems of Italian justice.
Prerequisites:
None, except for a general interest in the discipline.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course students will be able to:
1) Express a basic knowledge of Italian institutions and local political dynamics since World War II;
2) Define and use Italian terms and concepts to describe and comment political facts and problems;
3) Foster personal means of critical analysis of readings and articles;
4) Demonstrate critical thinking skills in formulating and defending a thesis in a written or oral format.
Method of presentation:
Lectures and Power Point presentations, in-class discussions, excerpts of documentaries, and walking in town to discover emblematic sites of political debate and struggle.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: Italian
Required work and form of assessment:
Grade breakdown: Participation 15%, In-class and homework 10%, Mid-Term Examination 25%, Final
Examination 25%, Oral presentation (“Milan Leader for one day”) 10%, Paper 15%.
Class Attendance and Participation: Includes in-class and homework assignments (one written assignment per week), discussion on assigned topics, exploring political websites
Oral Presentation: Individual presentations for the exercise “Leader for one day” (peer graded).
Mid-term Evaluation: Questions on analyzed issues and multiple choice test.
Final Exam: Analysis and commentary on different opinions concerning an important issue of Italian politics.
Paper: 5 typed, double-spaced pages related to the simulation exercise “Leader for one day”.
content:
UNIT 1: The Origins
A) General Topic: Fascist Italy and WW 2 (1922-1945): Image of Fascism: myths, rites, and symbols / the dark side of the regime. Instruments for building consent and “forge” a nation. In-town/In-class Activity: Milan Central Station; “Binario 21”; piazzale Loreto.
B) General Topic: XX Century ideologies and wars: Rebirth of free parties; Resistance Movement vs. the nazi-fascist army. Ideologies as secular religions? (the “sacralization” of Politics).
In-town/In-class Activity: American cameramen’s documentary: Liberation days in Milan
(excerpts).
Reading Due on this Date*: Gentile, p. XIII-XX (in Italian); Pansa, 60-63 (in Italian) In class: Gentile, p. XIX – XXVI
UNIT 2: The newborn Republic
A) General Topic: Institutional referendum (June 2, 1946); the new Constitution: Post-war anti- Fascist parties unity. Characters of 1948 Constitution: distinctive features, general principles and primary Organs of State.
In-town/In-class Activity: Simulation exercise: parliamentary negotiations to “arrange” a
Head of Government.
Reading Due on this Date: 1946 elections - analysis and comment; Tranfaglia, p. 31-46; Rizzo, Stella, p. 27-35 (in Italian)
B) General Topic: Cold War in Italy: From unity to hard political struggle. Communists and
socialists exclusion from government. Aggressive electoral campaign for 1948 elections. Smart victory of Christian Democrats. Italy in the NATO. The Marshall Plan and Italian reconstruction.
In-town/In-class Activity: Power Point Presentation: De Gasperi & Togliatti (from A. Giovagnoli, R. Gualtieri). Group analysis of electoral posters
Reading Due on this Date: Ceccarelli, article (in Italian); Nassi, p. 47-57 Risso, p. 164-184; In class: Foreign supporters in 1948 political crusade- Gorresio, 2 articles (in Italian)
UNIT 3: Condemned to government
A) General Topic: Democracy? Yes but...(Christian Democrats always in power): Local “cold war”.
Culture and Politics in post-war Milan. 40s - 50s Government coalitions (“Centrismo”) Application of the Constitution. Important reforms. Foundation of the EU.
In-town/In-class Activity: Short visit to Piccolo Teatro as introduction to the lecture.
Reading Due on this Date: Aga - Rossi, p. 621-633 (in Italian); Clementi, p. 106-111 In class: Aspesi (article in Italian).
B) General Topic: Permanent civil war: stability in... instability: Inter-parties relations and dynamics. Public political struggle and compromises in the backstage.
Reading Due on this Date: Fasanella - Pellegrino (synthesis of interview, in Italian). Spotts- Wieser, p. 16-19
UNIT 4: Italian “miracle”? Yes, but...
A) General Topic: Politics and economic “boom”: State and private industry. The gap North - South. Center-Left coalitions governments.
In-town/In-class Activity: Excerpts from “Rocco e i suoi fratelli” (film)
Reading Due on this Date: Effects of the “Cassa per il Mezzogiorno”, (SMR Studi, in Italian)
B) General Topic: Different views of development: Energy problems and Enrico Mattei. Advanced models of Italian capitalism - Falck, Olivetti.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts for submitted Case Histories
Reading Due on this Date: Perrone, p. 9-30 (synthesis, in Italian)
UNIT 5: Protest and terrorism - Dangers to Democracy
A) General Topic: 1968, the Year of the Barricades: All parties under indictment. Wave of student protest movements rejecting the Establishment and dominant social values. Workers’ “Hot
Autumn” - The Italian Unions. New social laws in the 70s.
In-town/In-class Activity: In town: Università statale - “heart” of 1968 student unrest
Reading Due on this Date: Don Milani (letter) Colarizi, p. 390-398 (**) Capanna, p. 38
In class: Désalmand - Forest, p. 601-609; Different opinions about 1968 movements.
B) General Topic: The Years of Lead: Terrorists and anti-state forces assaulting the Italian democracy - Italian “mysteries”, “deviated” Intelligence and “grey eminences”.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts: Bomb blast at Piazza Fontana; Victims of
terrorism in Milan
Reading Due on this Date: Tobias Jones, p. 56-59; In-class: Case Histories: Piazza Fontana, Milan 1969; Death of a statesman (Aldo Moro. Rome, 1978)
UNIT 6: A structural “disease” of the Italian State and Economy
A) General Topic: Politics and the Mafia: The Mafia and business - The Mafia and politics: Financial relevancy, sectors of activity, means of power. Preventing the Mafia from interfering with Milan
Expo 2015 projects.
In-town/In-class Activity: Mafia exists (PPP presentation)
Reading Due on this Date: The Mafia, bestofsicily.com (in English)
B) General Topic: Means and laws to defeat the Mafia: State and private anti-Mafia organizations.
Global measures to fight organised crime. Social use of land and farms confiscated from the
Mafia.
In-town/In-class Activity: Anti-mafia organizations and initiatives in documentary excerpts. Discussion
Reading Due on this Date: Hooper, article in English; Eurispes (in Italian)
UNIT 7: The end of the game
A) General Topic: Collapse of the “first” republic; beginning of the “second” Republic: Political scenery in late 80s. Crisis and restyling of historical parties. New parties: Lega Nord, Forza Italia.
Berlusconi absolute protagonist since 1994: opinions of supporters and detractors.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts: - the fall of the Berlin Wall; - Parties corruption under inquiry - “Tangentopoli”.
Reading Due on this Date: Craxi speech on corruption, 3/7/1992 (selection)
Spotts, Wieser, p. 127-149 (**) In class: Political communication styles: Bossi and Berlusconi.
B) General Topic: The “Berlusconi Era”: Critical issues of the present: federalism and constitutional reform, the conflict between Politics and Justice, foreign immigration. European/international relations.
In-town/In-class Activity: Excerpts of TV programs centered on political issues. Italian scenery in American newspapers (web navigation).
Reading Due on this Date: Cavallari, article (**). Immigration: recent data, problems, laws; Bull, Newell, 211-220 (**) In class: Rizzo, Stella, p. 65-88 (**) Darnis, article (**)
UNIT 8***: Justice Italian Style
A) General Topic: The “creaking machinery” of Justice: Structural and new problems of Italian
Justice and penal system. Critical overview on recent government actions / reforms.
In-town/In-class Activity: Updated data and one significant case history related to Italian
Justice.
Reading Due on this Date: Palumbo, p. 11-19, 39-45 (**); Two readings connected with recent events or laws.
B) General Topic: Field Study: visit to a sector of the local prison.
Discussion: What is / should be the role penitentiaries? Different approach (Italy, USA)
Reading Due on this Date: Palumbo, p. 53-63
UNIT 9: Simulation exercise (peer graded): Leader for One day
* Each unit requires completed homework (readings, web exploration, written exercise, personal comments on specific issues).
** Professor’s translation or selection or summary.
*** Unit 8 and related Field-Study can be substituted (on demand) by a meeting with University students (activist in political movements).
Required readings:
Course-pack with excerpts from several documents / essays: 1
• Emilio Gentile, Le religioni della politica, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2001, (p. XIII – XXVI)
• Giampaolo Pansa, Il sangue dei vinti, Milano, Sperling & Kupfer, 2005
• Nicola Tranfaglia, Anatomia dell’Italia repubblicana, 1943-2009), Firenze, Passigli Editori, 2010
• Enrico Nassi, La sindrome rossa - Pio XII e il comunismo, Firenze, Giunti, 1999
• P. Désalmand -Ph. Forest, Il pensiero politico dall’antichità a oggi, Milano, R.C.S., 1996
• Agostino Giovagnoli, Alcide De Gasperi, La scelta di centro, in Millenovecento, n. 6, Milano, aprile
2003
• Roberto Gualtieri, Tra Mosca e Roma, in “Millenovecento”, Milano, Editrice Millenovecento, n. 12, Milano, ottobre 2003
• Vittorio Gorresio, Dove ci porta Padre Lombardi?, L’Europeo, 1948, n. 24
• Vittorio Gorresio, L’attentato a Togliatti sconvolge le piazze, in L’Europeo, luglio 1948, riportato in
L’Europeo - Il fattore K, n 1, Milano, RCS Periodici, 20/2/1997, p. 9-11
• G. Fasanella, G. Pellegrino, La guerra civile – Da Salò a Berlusconi, Milano, Rizzoli – BUR, 2005
• Marco Clementi, La Nato, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2002
• Linda Risso, Against the “New Wehrmacht”: The Italian Communists’ Opposition to the European
Integration Process, 1950-55, in AA.VV, Politics and Culture in Post-War Italy, edited by Linda Risso, Monica Boria, Cambridge Scholars Press, Newcastle, UK, 2006
• Simona Colarizi, Storia del Novecento italiano, Milano, Rizzoli, 2000
• Don Lorenzo Milani, L’obbedienza non è più una virtù. Atti del processo, Firenze, Libreria Editrice
Fiorentina, 1973 or recent editions.
• Nico Perrone, La morte necessaria di Enrico Mattei, Viterbo, Millelire, 1993, 9-30
• F. Spotts, T. Wieser, Italy: a Difficult Democracy. A Survey of Italian Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 1988
• P. Ignazi, I partiti italiani, Bologna, il Mulino, 1997
• R. James Woolsey, The Mafia, website: bestofsicily.com
• John Hooper, Move over, Cosa Nostra, The Guardian, June 8, 2006
• Sergio Rizzo, Gian Antonio Stella, La casta – Così i politici italiani sono diventati intoccabili, Milano, Rizzoli, 2007
• Una storia italiana, pubblicazione per la campagna elettorale di Silvio Berlusconi, Mondadori Print, marzo 2001
• Tobias Jones, Il cuore oscuro dell’Italia, Milano, Rizzoli, 2003
• Eugenia Cavallari, La leadership di Berlusconi, in AA. VV., Forza Italia. Radiografia di un evento, a cura di Domenico Mennitti, Roma, Ideazione, 1997
• Martin Bull, James Newell, Italian Politics: Adjustment under Duress, John Wiley and Sons Ltd
(United Kingdom), 2005
• Umberto Palumbo, Delitti senza castigo (Come usciranno da Tangentopoli), Perugia, Guerra Guru,
1993
• Jean-Pierre Darnis, Politica estera italiana - Continuità e cambiamento dalla DC a Berlusconi, affarinternazionali.it
1 Some excerpts/essays might be changed.
Recommended readings:
Paolo Nicoloso, Mussolini architetto - Propaganda e paesaggio urbano nell’Italia fascista, Torino, Einaudi 2008
• D. Medina Lasansky, Renaissance Perfected: Architecture, Spectacle, and Tourism in Fascist Italy, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004
• Liliana Saiu, La politica estera italiana dall’Unità a oggi, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1999
• Don Lorenzo Milani, L’obbedienza non è più una virtù. Atti del processo, Firenze, Libreria Editrice
Fiorentina, 1973 (or any recent edition)
• M. Portanova, G. Rossi, F. Stefanoni, Mafia a Milano, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1996
• Emilio Gentile, Né Stato né Nazione - Italiani senza meta, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2010
• Martin Bull, James Newell, Italian Politics: Adjustment under Duress, John Wiley and Sons Ltd
(United Kingdom), 2005
Brief Biography of Instructor:
Dr. Adriana Faggi graduated in Humanities (Materie Letterarie) with a thesis in Contemporary History (Civil Spanish War – London Non-Intervention Committee). She has been an active participant in Italian associations for European integration and international cooperation (tied to European Union and the United Nations). She also has had experience in teaching at schools of different levels. She has been a member of the Italian “Albo Giornalisti Professionisti” since 1990 and has taught for IES Abroad Milan since 1993. Her primary academic interests are political and social dynamics in contemporary Italy.
This course offers students a behind-the-scenes look at Italian politics from World War II to the present. Assuming that "Italy is the only Western country where the opposing political parties are considered enemies" (Pellegrino), the course will paint a picture of the national and international post-war scenarios that led to this radicalization of the internal debate. We will explore both the official version of facts and "hidden" political factors that generated contradictions and distortions in
parliamentary practice as well as the decision-making processes (“consociativismo”, corruption, collusion with the Mafia, terrorism, etc).
A key aspect of our course will be examples of politicians or public figures who offered alternative proposals and models of development. Analysis of dramatic political events will help students to understand the widespread lack of confidence in national institutions. Opportunities and challenges, progress and unresolved conflicts, ideological legacy and innovative viewpoints will all be contextualized within the reality of Milan, a city always at the forefront in giving voice to new cultural, social and political trends arising in the country.
Field studies include a visit to the Central Station of Milan, a symbol of the Fascist period and its
promises of imperial power - but also the place of deportation of Jews during World War II, and a visit to
Milan's San Vittore prison, a symbolic place of yet unsolved problems of Italian justice.
None, except for a general interest in the discipline.
By the end of the course students will be able to:
1) Express a basic knowledge of Italian institutions and local political dynamics since World War II;
2) Define and use Italian terms and concepts to describe and comment political facts and problems;
3) Foster personal means of critical analysis of readings and articles;
4) Demonstrate critical thinking skills in formulating and defending a thesis in a written or oral format.
Lectures and Power Point presentations, in-class discussions, excerpts of documentaries, and walking in town to discover emblematic sites of political debate and struggle.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: Italian
Grade breakdown: Participation 15%, In-class and homework 10%, Mid-Term Examination 25%, Final
Examination 25%, Oral presentation (“Milan Leader for one day”) 10%, Paper 15%.
Class Attendance and Participation: Includes in-class and homework assignments (one written assignment per week), discussion on assigned topics, exploring political websites
Oral Presentation: Individual presentations for the exercise “Leader for one day” (peer graded).
Mid-term Evaluation: Questions on analyzed issues and multiple choice test.
Final Exam: Analysis and commentary on different opinions concerning an important issue of Italian politics.
Paper: 5 typed, double-spaced pages related to the simulation exercise “Leader for one day”.
UNIT 1: The Origins
A) General Topic: Fascist Italy and WW 2 (1922-1945): Image of Fascism: myths, rites, and symbols / the dark side of the regime. Instruments for building consent and “forge” a nation. In-town/In-class Activity: Milan Central Station; “Binario 21”; piazzale Loreto.
B) General Topic: XX Century ideologies and wars: Rebirth of free parties; Resistance Movement vs. the nazi-fascist army. Ideologies as secular religions? (the “sacralization” of Politics).
In-town/In-class Activity: American cameramen’s documentary: Liberation days in Milan
(excerpts).
Reading Due on this Date*: Gentile, p. XIII-XX (in Italian); Pansa, 60-63 (in Italian) In class: Gentile, p. XIX – XXVI
UNIT 2: The newborn Republic
A) General Topic: Institutional referendum (June 2, 1946); the new Constitution: Post-war anti- Fascist parties unity. Characters of 1948 Constitution: distinctive features, general principles and primary Organs of State.
In-town/In-class Activity: Simulation exercise: parliamentary negotiations to “arrange” a
Head of Government.
Reading Due on this Date: 1946 elections - analysis and comment; Tranfaglia, p. 31-46; Rizzo, Stella, p. 27-35 (in Italian)
B) General Topic: Cold War in Italy: From unity to hard political struggle. Communists and
socialists exclusion from government. Aggressive electoral campaign for 1948 elections. Smart victory of Christian Democrats. Italy in the NATO. The Marshall Plan and Italian reconstruction.
In-town/In-class Activity: Power Point Presentation: De Gasperi & Togliatti (from A. Giovagnoli, R. Gualtieri). Group analysis of electoral posters
Reading Due on this Date: Ceccarelli, article (in Italian); Nassi, p. 47-57 Risso, p. 164-184; In class: Foreign supporters in 1948 political crusade- Gorresio, 2 articles (in Italian)
UNIT 3: Condemned to government
A) General Topic: Democracy? Yes but...(Christian Democrats always in power): Local “cold war”.
Culture and Politics in post-war Milan. 40s - 50s Government coalitions (“Centrismo”) Application of the Constitution. Important reforms. Foundation of the EU.
In-town/In-class Activity: Short visit to Piccolo Teatro as introduction to the lecture.
Reading Due on this Date: Aga - Rossi, p. 621-633 (in Italian); Clementi, p. 106-111 In class: Aspesi (article in Italian).
B) General Topic: Permanent civil war: stability in... instability: Inter-parties relations and dynamics. Public political struggle and compromises in the backstage.
Reading Due on this Date: Fasanella - Pellegrino (synthesis of interview, in Italian). Spotts- Wieser, p. 16-19
UNIT 4: Italian “miracle”? Yes, but...
A) General Topic: Politics and economic “boom”: State and private industry. The gap North - South. Center-Left coalitions governments.
In-town/In-class Activity: Excerpts from “Rocco e i suoi fratelli” (film)
Reading Due on this Date: Effects of the “Cassa per il Mezzogiorno”, (SMR Studi, in Italian)
B) General Topic: Different views of development: Energy problems and Enrico Mattei. Advanced models of Italian capitalism - Falck, Olivetti.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts for submitted Case Histories
Reading Due on this Date: Perrone, p. 9-30 (synthesis, in Italian)
UNIT 5: Protest and terrorism - Dangers to Democracy
A) General Topic: 1968, the Year of the Barricades: All parties under indictment. Wave of student protest movements rejecting the Establishment and dominant social values. Workers’ “Hot
Autumn” - The Italian Unions. New social laws in the 70s.
In-town/In-class Activity: In town: Università statale - “heart” of 1968 student unrest
Reading Due on this Date: Don Milani (letter) Colarizi, p. 390-398 (**) Capanna, p. 38
In class: Désalmand - Forest, p. 601-609; Different opinions about 1968 movements.
B) General Topic: The Years of Lead: Terrorists and anti-state forces assaulting the Italian democracy - Italian “mysteries”, “deviated” Intelligence and “grey eminences”.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts: Bomb blast at Piazza Fontana; Victims of
terrorism in Milan
Reading Due on this Date: Tobias Jones, p. 56-59; In-class: Case Histories: Piazza Fontana, Milan 1969; Death of a statesman (Aldo Moro. Rome, 1978)
UNIT 6: A structural “disease” of the Italian State and Economy
A) General Topic: Politics and the Mafia: The Mafia and business - The Mafia and politics: Financial relevancy, sectors of activity, means of power. Preventing the Mafia from interfering with Milan
Expo 2015 projects.
In-town/In-class Activity: Mafia exists (PPP presentation)
Reading Due on this Date: The Mafia, bestofsicily.com (in English)
B) General Topic: Means and laws to defeat the Mafia: State and private anti-Mafia organizations.
Global measures to fight organised crime. Social use of land and farms confiscated from the
Mafia.
In-town/In-class Activity: Anti-mafia organizations and initiatives in documentary excerpts. Discussion
Reading Due on this Date: Hooper, article in English; Eurispes (in Italian)
UNIT 7: The end of the game
A) General Topic: Collapse of the “first” republic; beginning of the “second” Republic: Political scenery in late 80s. Crisis and restyling of historical parties. New parties: Lega Nord, Forza Italia.
Berlusconi absolute protagonist since 1994: opinions of supporters and detractors.
In-town/In-class Activity: Documentary excerpts: - the fall of the Berlin Wall; - Parties corruption under inquiry - “Tangentopoli”.
Reading Due on this Date: Craxi speech on corruption, 3/7/1992 (selection)
Spotts, Wieser, p. 127-149 (**) In class: Political communication styles: Bossi and Berlusconi.
B) General Topic: The “Berlusconi Era”: Critical issues of the present: federalism and constitutional reform, the conflict between Politics and Justice, foreign immigration. European/international relations.
In-town/In-class Activity: Excerpts of TV programs centered on political issues. Italian scenery in American newspapers (web navigation).
Reading Due on this Date: Cavallari, article (**). Immigration: recent data, problems, laws; Bull, Newell, 211-220 (**) In class: Rizzo, Stella, p. 65-88 (**) Darnis, article (**)
UNIT 8***: Justice Italian Style
A) General Topic: The “creaking machinery” of Justice: Structural and new problems of Italian
Justice and penal system. Critical overview on recent government actions / reforms.
In-town/In-class Activity: Updated data and one significant case history related to Italian
Justice.
Reading Due on this Date: Palumbo, p. 11-19, 39-45 (**); Two readings connected with recent events or laws.
B) General Topic: Field Study: visit to a sector of the local prison.
Discussion: What is / should be the role penitentiaries? Different approach (Italy, USA)
Reading Due on this Date: Palumbo, p. 53-63
UNIT 9: Simulation exercise (peer graded): Leader for One day
* Each unit requires completed homework (readings, web exploration, written exercise, personal comments on specific issues).
** Professor’s translation or selection or summary.
*** Unit 8 and related Field-Study can be substituted (on demand) by a meeting with University students (activist in political movements).
Course-pack with excerpts from several documents / essays: 1
• Emilio Gentile, Le religioni della politica, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2001, (p. XIII – XXVI)
• Giampaolo Pansa, Il sangue dei vinti, Milano, Sperling & Kupfer, 2005
• Nicola Tranfaglia, Anatomia dell’Italia repubblicana, 1943-2009), Firenze, Passigli Editori, 2010
• Enrico Nassi, La sindrome rossa - Pio XII e il comunismo, Firenze, Giunti, 1999
• P. Désalmand -Ph. Forest, Il pensiero politico dall’antichità a oggi, Milano, R.C.S., 1996
• Agostino Giovagnoli, Alcide De Gasperi, La scelta di centro, in Millenovecento, n. 6, Milano, aprile
2003
• Roberto Gualtieri, Tra Mosca e Roma, in “Millenovecento”, Milano, Editrice Millenovecento, n. 12, Milano, ottobre 2003
• Vittorio Gorresio, Dove ci porta Padre Lombardi?, L’Europeo, 1948, n. 24
• Vittorio Gorresio, L’attentato a Togliatti sconvolge le piazze, in L’Europeo, luglio 1948, riportato in
L’Europeo - Il fattore K, n 1, Milano, RCS Periodici, 20/2/1997, p. 9-11
• G. Fasanella, G. Pellegrino, La guerra civile – Da Salò a Berlusconi, Milano, Rizzoli – BUR, 2005
• Marco Clementi, La Nato, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2002
• Linda Risso, Against the “New Wehrmacht”: The Italian Communists’ Opposition to the European
Integration Process, 1950-55, in AA.VV, Politics and Culture in Post-War Italy, edited by Linda Risso, Monica Boria, Cambridge Scholars Press, Newcastle, UK, 2006
• Simona Colarizi, Storia del Novecento italiano, Milano, Rizzoli, 2000
• Don Lorenzo Milani, L’obbedienza non è più una virtù. Atti del processo, Firenze, Libreria Editrice
Fiorentina, 1973 or recent editions.
• Nico Perrone, La morte necessaria di Enrico Mattei, Viterbo, Millelire, 1993, 9-30
• F. Spotts, T. Wieser, Italy: a Difficult Democracy. A Survey of Italian Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 1988
• P. Ignazi, I partiti italiani, Bologna, il Mulino, 1997
• R. James Woolsey, The Mafia, website: bestofsicily.com
• John Hooper, Move over, Cosa Nostra, The Guardian, June 8, 2006
• Sergio Rizzo, Gian Antonio Stella, La casta – Così i politici italiani sono diventati intoccabili, Milano, Rizzoli, 2007
• Una storia italiana, pubblicazione per la campagna elettorale di Silvio Berlusconi, Mondadori Print, marzo 2001
• Tobias Jones, Il cuore oscuro dell’Italia, Milano, Rizzoli, 2003
• Eugenia Cavallari, La leadership di Berlusconi, in AA. VV., Forza Italia. Radiografia di un evento, a cura di Domenico Mennitti, Roma, Ideazione, 1997
• Martin Bull, James Newell, Italian Politics: Adjustment under Duress, John Wiley and Sons Ltd
(United Kingdom), 2005
• Umberto Palumbo, Delitti senza castigo (Come usciranno da Tangentopoli), Perugia, Guerra Guru,
1993
• Jean-Pierre Darnis, Politica estera italiana - Continuità e cambiamento dalla DC a Berlusconi, affarinternazionali.it
1 Some excerpts/essays might be changed.
Paolo Nicoloso, Mussolini architetto - Propaganda e paesaggio urbano nell’Italia fascista, Torino, Einaudi 2008
• D. Medina Lasansky, Renaissance Perfected: Architecture, Spectacle, and Tourism in Fascist Italy, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004
• Liliana Saiu, La politica estera italiana dall’Unità a oggi, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1999
• Don Lorenzo Milani, L’obbedienza non è più una virtù. Atti del processo, Firenze, Libreria Editrice
Fiorentina, 1973 (or any recent edition)
• M. Portanova, G. Rossi, F. Stefanoni, Mafia a Milano, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1996
• Emilio Gentile, Né Stato né Nazione - Italiani senza meta, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2010
• Martin Bull, James Newell, Italian Politics: Adjustment under Duress, John Wiley and Sons Ltd
(United Kingdom), 2005
Dr. Adriana Faggi graduated in Humanities (Materie Letterarie) with a thesis in Contemporary History (Civil Spanish War – London Non-Intervention Committee). She has been an active participant in Italian associations for European integration and international cooperation (tied to European Union and the United Nations). She also has had experience in teaching at schools of different levels. She has been a member of the Italian “Albo Giornalisti Professionisti” since 1990 and has taught for IES Abroad Milan since 1993. Her primary academic interests are political and social dynamics in contemporary Italy.