In this course students will explore the two most crucial, troubled and controversial periods of 20th Century Spain: the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the subsequent Dictatorship of General Francisco Franco (1939-1975).
The course is broadly divided into four sections. The first section will trace the origins of the Spanish Civil War through the first decades of the 20th Century, starting from the war between Spain and the United States (1898). The second section will analyze in detail the Civil War, with an emphasis on its international aspects. The third will study Franco’s Dictatorship and will compare it to Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy and Salazar’s Portugal. The final section will focus on the interpretations of the Civil War and the Dictatorship which are prevalent in today’s Spain.
Particular attention will be paid to the following topics:
- The rise of Fascism, Socialism, Communism and Anarchism in Spain during the Second Republic.
- The division of Spain in two opposite sides after the military rising of 1936: the Republicans – called “Reds” by their enemies – and the Rebels or Francoists – called “Fascists” by their enemies.
- The social and economic revolution attempted by the Anarchists on the Republican side.
- The role of the foreign powers, including the United States, in the Spanish Civil War.
- The foundations, consolidation and downfall of Franco’s regime.
- The situation of the Basque, Catalan and Galician cultures and languages under Franco’s rule.
- The relations between Franco’s Dictatorship and the United States’ governments from 1939 to 1975.
- The main historiographical interpretations and controversies on both the Civil War and Franco’s Spain.
The objective of the course is to equip students with a thorough knowledge of two fundamental periods in Spanish modern history, allowing them to analyze the significance of the Civil War and Franco’s Dictatorship for European and World history. On a more general level, the course aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills and ability to assess the complexity of historical processes.
Attendance policy:
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course students are be able to:
Outline the main social groups, political parties and historical figures of 20th Century Spain;
Compare different historiographical perspectives about the Civil War and Franco’s Dictatorship;
Explain Understand the relations between the governments of the United States and Spain in the 20th century;
Assess the legacy of the Civil War and Francoism in today’s Spain;
Draw conclusions from the historical records discussed in class;
Write an analytical paper on the Spanish Civil War following academic guidelines;
Evaluate and criticize the papers of their classmates and provide recommendations.
Method of presentation:
Students will acquire the knowledge and the skills of this course through the following means:
Field studies: There will be four instructor-guided visits to the following locations: the Catalonia History Museum, the Barcelona History Museum, a bomb shelter from the Civil War and the scenes of the Civil War and the Anarchist Revolution in Barcelona.
Class discussion: A significant amount of class time will be devoted to the discussion of key themes, based on the course readings. Both the texts for each class and a list of reading questions will be available to students in Moodle. The work produced by students (short assignments, short presentations of specific topics, rough drafts of research papers, etc.) will be discussed in class too.
Lectures: In every class the instructor will supplement the students’ discussions with a lecture. The purpose of the lectures is to summarize the key concepts of the session and also to place each session in the general framework of the course.
Working documents: Students will use a wide range of materials and documents, such as speeches, government papers, letters, newsreels, photographs, propaganda posters, newspapers and diaries and memoirs of the time.
Film viewings: Students will watch the films Land and Freedom and Bienvenido Mr. Marshall, which deal respectively with the Civil War and with Franco’s Spain in the 1950s. The films will be screened before class. Prior to the viewings, students will be required to collect information about the films. The instructor will provide students with viewing and discussion questions to be completed on Moodle before the class starts.
Required work and form of assessment:
Participation (25% of the final grade). This includes both homework and participation in class discussions. Homework includes the following assignments: summaries of the required readings and field studies, questionnaires related to the film viewings, presentations of specific topics and drafts of the research paper. Students will be expected to fulfil the required work for each session and to participate actively in class discussions. This is an essential part of the final grade and will be assessed.
Term paper (30%). Students will write a 2500-word paper on a topic related to the international dimension of the Spanish Civil War. The instructor will provide students with a list of general topics to help them find the specific topics for their papers. Also, he will have two one-to-one meetings with each student to discuss the topic, the angle and the organization of his/her paper. Students will have to cite at least eight different sources (either books or articles) in their papers. They will have access to the extensive collection of books on the Civil War available at the IES Abroad library as well as the EBSCO online journal store. Throughout the process of researching and writing, students will be asked to evaluate the papers of their classmates and offer them advice.
Oral presentation (5%). Students will give a short talk on the main points of their research papers. After the presentation they will have to answer the questions posed by the classmates. The presentations will take place during the last three sessions of the course.
Midterm exam (20%). The exam covers the sessions 1 to 12. Both this exam and the final exam will include essay questions and short answer questions.
Final exam (20%). The exam covers the sessions 14 to 24.
Throughout the course the instructor will regularly give feedback to the students about their learning process. This will be done in the classroom, either orally or through comments written in their short assignments and exams.
content:
Session 1: Setting the scene: Spain at the turn of the 20th Century
Session 2: The crisis of democracy (1902-1923)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999), Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 1, “Introduction”, pp. 1-19.
Balfour, Sebastian (1999), “Spain and the Great Powers in the Aftermath of the Spanish American War”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 1-31.
Session 3: General Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship (1923-1930)
Tusell, Javier and Queipo de Llano, Genoveva (2000), “The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 206-220
Session 4: The Second Republic: The Progressive Years (1931-1933)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 4: “The Second Republic: A Brief Exercise in Democracy, 1931-1936”, pp. 70-82.
“First Week”, Time, 4 May 1931 (3 pages).
Session 5: The Second Republic: the Conservative years and the Popular Front period (1934-1936)
Beevor, Anthony (2006), The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 34-52
Session 6: The Civil War: military uprising, revolution and political violence
Graham, Hellen (2005), The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford UP. Chapter 2: “Rebellion, revolution and repression”, pp. 21-36.
Raguer, Hilari (2010), “The Spanish Church and the Spanish Civil War: Between Persecution and Repression”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 68-89
Session 7: Field study: bomb shelter from the Civil War
Payne, Stanley (2008), Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, New Haven: Yale UP. Chapter “Hitler’s Strategy in the Spanish Civil War”, pp. 20-31.
Session 8: The Civil War: a world conflict
Tierney, Dominic (2004), “Franklin D. Roosevelt and Covert Aid to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 299-313.
Nelson, Cary and Jefferson Hendricks, Madrid 1937: Letters of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade from the Spanish Civil War, New York: Routledge. Chapter 1: “I dreamed I sang ‘The Internationale’ to Adolph Hitler”, pp. 1-19.
Session 9: Field study: scenes of the war in Barcelona
Session 10: The Civil War: the fall of the Republic Graham, Helen (2002), The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chapter 7: “The Fall of the Republican Home Front”, pp. 390-425.
Session 11: Field study: visit to the Catalonia History Museum Orwell, George (2001), Homage to Catalonia, London: Penguin, pp. 1-13. Available at: www.netcharles.com/orwell/books/homagetocatalonia-01.htm
Session 12: A war within the war: internal struggles on the Republican side. Pre-class viewing of Ken Loach’s film Land and Freedom (1995).
Loach, Ken (1995), Land and Freedom, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom: BIM, BBC, British Screen Productions, et al.
Session 13: midterm exam
Session 14: The Postwar: repression, hunger and fascism (1939-1945)
Cazorla, Antonio (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 2: “The Social Cost of the Dictatorship”, pp. 57-70.
Casanova, Julián (2010), “The Faces of Terror: Violence during the Francoist Dictatorship”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago, Samuel (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 90-120.
Session 15: From Hitler to Eisenhower: the consolidation of Franco’s regime (1945-1959)
Cazorla, Antonio (2000), “Early Francoism, 1939-1975”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 260-276.
Liedtke, Boris (1999), “Spain and the United States, 1945-1975”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 229-244.
Session 16: The United States and the Spanish Dictatorship. Pre-class viewing of Luis García Berlanga’s film Bienvenido Mister Marshall (1953).
Berlanga, Luis García (1953), Bienvenido Mister Marshall, Spain: Unión Industrial Cinematográfica.
Session 17: The “Spanish miracle”: from autarchy to economic development (1959-1970)
Cazorla, Antonio (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 3: “Migration”, pp. 95-115.
Pack, Sasha D. (2007), “Tourism and Political Change in Franco’s Spain”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 47-66.
Session 18: The last years of Franco’s rule (1970-1975)
Preston, Paul (1995), Franco: A Biography, London: Fontana Press. Chapter 28: “The Long Goodbye, 1969-1975”, pp. 744-778.
Session 19: The non-Castilian Spaniards: Basques, Catalans and Galicians in Franco’s Spain.
Conversi, Danielle (2000), The Basques, the Catalans and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation, London: Hurst & Company. Chapter 5: “Euskadi: Dictatorship, Resistance and Resurrection”, pp. 80-108.
Interview with Abbot Escarré of Montserrat in Le Monde, November 14, 1963, in Jon Cowans (2003), Modern Spain: A Documentary History: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Session 20: Field study: Museu d’Història de Barcelona
Session 21: Reforming the Dictatorship: from Franco’s death to the Constitution (1975-1978)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 7: “The Triumph of Democracy, 1975-1998”, pp. 161-185.
Powell, Charles (2007), “The United States and Spain: from Franco to Juan Carlos”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 227-247.
Session 22: The wars of memory: presence and forgetting of the Civil War in Contemporary Spain
Ealham, Chris and Michael Richards (2005), “History, memory and the Spanish Civil War”, in Chris Ealham and Michael Richards (eds.), The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 1-20.
Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Ghosts of Spain: Travels through a country’s hidden past, London: Faber and Faber. Chapter 1: “Secretos a voces”, pp. 3-33.
Session 23: The ghost of Franco: visions of Francoism in today’s Spain
Tremlett, Gilles (2010), “The Grandsons of their Grandfathers: An Afterword”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 327-344.
Session 24: Course conclusions. Review for the final exam
Required readings:
Balfour, Sebastian (1999), “Spain and the Great Powers in the Aftermath of the Spanish American War”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 1-31.
Beevor, Anthony (2006), The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, London: Weidenfeld & Nic¬¬¬¬olson, pp. 34-52.
Berlanga, Luis García (1953), Bienvenido Mister Marshall, Spain: Unión Industrial Cinematográfica.
Casanova, Julián (2010), “The Faces of Terror: Violence during the Francoist Dictatorship”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago, Samuel (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 90-120.
Cazorla, Antonio (2000), “Early Francoism, 1939-1975”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 260-276.
_____ (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 2: “The Social Cost of the Dictatorship”, pp. 57-70. Chapter 3: “Migration”, pp. 95-115.
Conversi, Danielle (2000), The Basques, the Catalans and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation, London: Hurst & Company. Chapter 5: “Euskadi: Dictatorship, Resistance and Resurrection”, pp. 80-108.
Cowans, Jon (2003). Modern Spain: A Documentary History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Ealham, Chris and Michael Richards (2005), “History, memory and the Spanish Civil War”, in Chris Ealham and Michael Richards (eds.), The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 1-20.
“First Week”, Time, 4 May 1931 (3 pages).
Graham, Helen (2002), The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chapter 7: “The Fall of the Republican Home Front”, pp. 390-425.
_____ (2005), The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford UP. Chapter 2: “Rebellion, revolution and repression”, pp. 21-36.
Interview to Abbot Escarré of Montserrat in Le Monde, November 14, 1963, in Jon Cowans (2003), Modern Spain: A Documentary History: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Liedtke, Boris (1999), “Spain and the United States”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 229-244.
Loach, Ken (1995), Land and Freedom, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom: BIM, BBC, British Screen Productions, et al.
Nelson, Cary and Jefferson Hendricks, Madrid 1937: Letters of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade from the Spanish Civil War, New York: Routledge. Chapter 1: “I dreamed I sang ‘The Internationale’ to Adolph Hitler”, pp. 1-19.
Orwell, George (2001), Homage to Catalonia, London: Penguin, pp. 1-13. Available at www.netcharles.com/orwell/books/homagetocatalonia-01.htm
Pack, Sasha D. (2007), “Tourism and Political Change in Franco’s Spain”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 47-66.
Payne, Stanley (2008), Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, New Haven: Yale UP. Chapter 1: “Hitler’s Strategy in the Spanish Civil War”, pp. 20-31.
Powell, Charles (2007), “The United States and Spain: from Franco to Juan Carlos”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 227-247.
Preston, Paul (1995), Franco: A Biography, London: Fontana Press. Chapter 28: “The Long Goodbye, 1969-1975”, pp. 744-778.
Raguer, Hilari (2010), “The Spanish Church and the Spanish Civil War: Between Persecution and Repression”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 68-89.
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 1, “Introduction”, pp. 1-19. Chapter 4: “The Second Republic: A Brief Exercise in Democracy, 1931-1936”, pp. 70-82. Chapter 7: “The Triumph of Democracy, 1975-1998”, 161-185.
Tierney, Dominic, “Franklin D. Roosevelt and Covert Aid to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 299-313.
Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Ghosts of Spain: Travels through a country’s hidden past, London: Faber and Faber. Chapter 1: “Secretos a voces”, pp. 3-33.
_____ (2010), “The Grandsons of their Grandfathers: An Afterword”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy, Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 327-344.
Tusell, Javier and Genoveva Queipo de Llano (2000), “The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 206-220.
Recommended readings:
Alpert, Michael, (2004 [1998]), A New International History of the Spanish Civil War, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Balfour, Sebastian and Alejandro Quiroga, (2007), The Reinvention of Spain: Nation and Identity since Democracy, Oxford: Oxford UP.
Carroll, Peter N. (1994), The Odissey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Stanford: Stanford UP.
Carroll, Peter N. and James D. Fernandez (2007), Facing Fascism: New York and the Spanish Civil War, New York: New York UP.
Dunthornt, David J. and Christian Leitz, (ed.) (1999), Spain in an International Context, 1936-1959, New York: Berghahn Books.
Esenwein, George and Shubert, Adrian (2000), Spain at War: The Spanish Civil War in Context, 1931-1939. London: Longman.
Keene, Judith (2003), Fighting for Franco: International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain During the Spanish Civil War, London: Leicester UP.
McRoberts, Kenneth (2001), Catalonia: Nation Building Without a State. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Payne, Stanley (1987), The Franco Regime, 1939-1975. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Preston, Paul (2008), We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War. London: Constable.
_____ (2012), The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain, London: HarperPress.
Richards, Michael (1998), A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945, Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Seidman, Michael (2002), Republic of Egos: A Social History of the Spanish Civil War, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Thomas, Hugh (2003 [1965]), The Spanish Civil War, London: Penguin.
Tierney, Dominique (2007), FDR and the Spanish Civil War: Neutrality and Commitment in the Struggle that Divided America, Durham: Duke UP.
Watson, Cameron (2003), Modern Basque History: Eighteenth Century to the Present, Reno: Center for Basque Studies.
Brief Biography of Instructor:
Josep Grau studied Modern History at the University of Barcelona. He studied for his doctorate at the Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona and the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. His PhD focused on the origins of language planning in 20th Century Catalonia. His teaching experience includes the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and the Catalonia Police School. At IES Abroad he has taught Modern History of Spain since 2004. He has published two books and several articles on the political and cultural history of 20th Century Catalonia.
In this course students will explore the two most crucial, troubled and controversial periods of 20th Century Spain: the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the subsequent Dictatorship of General Francisco Franco (1939-1975).
The course is broadly divided into four sections. The first section will trace the origins of the Spanish Civil War through the first decades of the 20th Century, starting from the war between Spain and the United States (1898). The second section will analyze in detail the Civil War, with an emphasis on its international aspects. The third will study Franco’s Dictatorship and will compare it to Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy and Salazar’s Portugal. The final section will focus on the interpretations of the Civil War and the Dictatorship which are prevalent in today’s Spain.
Particular attention will be paid to the following topics:
- The rise of Fascism, Socialism, Communism and Anarchism in Spain during the Second Republic.
- The division of Spain in two opposite sides after the military rising of 1936: the Republicans – called “Reds” by their enemies – and the Rebels or Francoists – called “Fascists” by their enemies.
- The social and economic revolution attempted by the Anarchists on the Republican side.
- The role of the foreign powers, including the United States, in the Spanish Civil War.
- The foundations, consolidation and downfall of Franco’s regime.
- The situation of the Basque, Catalan and Galician cultures and languages under Franco’s rule.
- The relations between Franco’s Dictatorship and the United States’ governments from 1939 to 1975.
- The main historiographical interpretations and controversies on both the Civil War and Franco’s Spain.
The objective of the course is to equip students with a thorough knowledge of two fundamental periods in Spanish modern history, allowing them to analyze the significance of the Civil War and Franco’s Dictatorship for European and World history. On a more general level, the course aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills and ability to assess the complexity of historical processes.
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
By the end of the course students are be able to:
Students will acquire the knowledge and the skills of this course through the following means:
Throughout the course the instructor will regularly give feedback to the students about their learning process. This will be done in the classroom, either orally or through comments written in their short assignments and exams.
Session 1: Setting the scene: Spain at the turn of the 20th Century
Session 2: The crisis of democracy (1902-1923)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999), Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 1, “Introduction”, pp. 1-19.
Balfour, Sebastian (1999), “Spain and the Great Powers in the Aftermath of the Spanish American War”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 1-31.
Session 3: General Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship (1923-1930)
Tusell, Javier and Queipo de Llano, Genoveva (2000), “The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 206-220
Session 4: The Second Republic: The Progressive Years (1931-1933)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 4: “The Second Republic: A Brief Exercise in Democracy, 1931-1936”, pp. 70-82.
“First Week”, Time, 4 May 1931 (3 pages).
Session 5: The Second Republic: the Conservative years and the Popular Front period (1934-1936)
Beevor, Anthony (2006), The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 34-52
Session 6: The Civil War: military uprising, revolution and political violence
Graham, Hellen (2005), The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford UP. Chapter 2: “Rebellion, revolution and repression”, pp. 21-36.
Raguer, Hilari (2010), “The Spanish Church and the Spanish Civil War: Between Persecution and Repression”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 68-89
Session 7: Field study: bomb shelter from the Civil War
Payne, Stanley (2008), Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, New Haven: Yale UP. Chapter “Hitler’s Strategy in the Spanish Civil War”, pp. 20-31.
Session 8: The Civil War: a world conflict
Tierney, Dominic (2004), “Franklin D. Roosevelt and Covert Aid to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 299-313.
Nelson, Cary and Jefferson Hendricks, Madrid 1937: Letters of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade from the Spanish Civil War, New York: Routledge. Chapter 1: “I dreamed I sang ‘The Internationale’ to Adolph Hitler”, pp. 1-19.
Session 9: Field study: scenes of the war in Barcelona
Session 10: The Civil War: the fall of the Republic Graham, Helen (2002), The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chapter 7: “The Fall of the Republican Home Front”, pp. 390-425.
Session 11: Field study: visit to the Catalonia History Museum Orwell, George (2001), Homage to Catalonia, London: Penguin, pp. 1-13. Available at: www.netcharles.com/orwell/books/homagetocatalonia-01.htm
Session 12: A war within the war: internal struggles on the Republican side. Pre-class viewing of Ken Loach’s film Land and Freedom (1995).
Loach, Ken (1995), Land and Freedom, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom: BIM, BBC, British Screen Productions, et al.
Session 13: midterm exam
Session 14: The Postwar: repression, hunger and fascism (1939-1945)
Cazorla, Antonio (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 2: “The Social Cost of the Dictatorship”, pp. 57-70.
Casanova, Julián (2010), “The Faces of Terror: Violence during the Francoist Dictatorship”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago, Samuel (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 90-120.
Session 15: From Hitler to Eisenhower: the consolidation of Franco’s regime (1945-1959)
Cazorla, Antonio (2000), “Early Francoism, 1939-1975”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 260-276.
Liedtke, Boris (1999), “Spain and the United States, 1945-1975”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 229-244.
Session 16: The United States and the Spanish Dictatorship. Pre-class viewing of Luis García Berlanga’s film Bienvenido Mister Marshall (1953).
Berlanga, Luis García (1953), Bienvenido Mister Marshall, Spain: Unión Industrial Cinematográfica.
Session 17: The “Spanish miracle”: from autarchy to economic development (1959-1970)
Cazorla, Antonio (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 3: “Migration”, pp. 95-115.
Pack, Sasha D. (2007), “Tourism and Political Change in Franco’s Spain”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 47-66.
Session 18: The last years of Franco’s rule (1970-1975)
Preston, Paul (1995), Franco: A Biography, London: Fontana Press. Chapter 28: “The Long Goodbye, 1969-1975”, pp. 744-778.
Session 19: The non-Castilian Spaniards: Basques, Catalans and Galicians in Franco’s Spain.
Conversi, Danielle (2000), The Basques, the Catalans and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation, London: Hurst & Company. Chapter 5: “Euskadi: Dictatorship, Resistance and Resurrection”, pp. 80-108.
Interview with Abbot Escarré of Montserrat in Le Monde, November 14, 1963, in Jon Cowans (2003), Modern Spain: A Documentary History: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Session 20: Field study: Museu d’Història de Barcelona
Session 21: Reforming the Dictatorship: from Franco’s death to the Constitution (1975-1978)
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 7: “The Triumph of Democracy, 1975-1998”, pp. 161-185.
Powell, Charles (2007), “The United States and Spain: from Franco to Juan Carlos”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 227-247.
Session 22: The wars of memory: presence and forgetting of the Civil War in Contemporary Spain
Ealham, Chris and Michael Richards (2005), “History, memory and the Spanish Civil War”, in Chris Ealham and Michael Richards (eds.), The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 1-20.
Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Ghosts of Spain: Travels through a country’s hidden past, London: Faber and Faber. Chapter 1: “Secretos a voces”, pp. 3-33.
Session 23: The ghost of Franco: visions of Francoism in today’s Spain
Tremlett, Gilles (2010), “The Grandsons of their Grandfathers: An Afterword”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 327-344.
Session 24: Course conclusions. Review for the final exam
Balfour, Sebastian (1999), “Spain and the Great Powers in the Aftermath of the Spanish American War”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 1-31.
Beevor, Anthony (2006), The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, London: Weidenfeld & Nic¬¬¬¬olson, pp. 34-52.
Berlanga, Luis García (1953), Bienvenido Mister Marshall, Spain: Unión Industrial Cinematográfica.
Casanova, Julián (2010), “The Faces of Terror: Violence during the Francoist Dictatorship”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago, Samuel (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy: Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 90-120.
Cazorla, Antonio (2000), “Early Francoism, 1939-1975”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 260-276.
_____ (2010), Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 2: “The Social Cost of the Dictatorship”, pp. 57-70. Chapter 3: “Migration”, pp. 95-115.
Conversi, Danielle (2000), The Basques, the Catalans and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilisation, London: Hurst & Company. Chapter 5: “Euskadi: Dictatorship, Resistance and Resurrection”, pp. 80-108.
Cowans, Jon (2003). Modern Spain: A Documentary History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Ealham, Chris and Michael Richards (2005), “History, memory and the Spanish Civil War”, in Chris Ealham and Michael Richards (eds.), The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, pp. 1-20.
“First Week”, Time, 4 May 1931 (3 pages).
Graham, Helen (2002), The Spanish Republic at War, 1936-1939, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chapter 7: “The Fall of the Republican Home Front”, pp. 390-425.
_____ (2005), The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford UP. Chapter 2: “Rebellion, revolution and repression”, pp. 21-36.
Interview to Abbot Escarré of Montserrat in Le Monde, November 14, 1963, in Jon Cowans (2003), Modern Spain: A Documentary History: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 252-255.
Liedtke, Boris (1999), “Spain and the United States”, in Sebastian Balfour and Paul Preston (eds.), Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century, London: Routledge, pp. 229-244.
Loach, Ken (1995), Land and Freedom, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom: BIM, BBC, British Screen Productions, et al.
Nelson, Cary and Jefferson Hendricks, Madrid 1937: Letters of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade from the Spanish Civil War, New York: Routledge. Chapter 1: “I dreamed I sang ‘The Internationale’ to Adolph Hitler”, pp. 1-19.
Orwell, George (2001), Homage to Catalonia, London: Penguin, pp. 1-13. Available at www.netcharles.com/orwell/books/homagetocatalonia-01.htm
Pack, Sasha D. (2007), “Tourism and Political Change in Franco’s Spain”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 47-66.
Payne, Stanley (2008), Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, New Haven: Yale UP. Chapter 1: “Hitler’s Strategy in the Spanish Civil War”, pp. 20-31.
Powell, Charles (2007), “The United States and Spain: from Franco to Juan Carlos”, in Nigel Townson (ed.), Spain Transformed: the late Franco dictatorship, 1959-75, New York: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 227-247.
Preston, Paul (1995), Franco: A Biography, London: Fontana Press. Chapter 28: “The Long Goodbye, 1969-1975”, pp. 744-778.
Raguer, Hilari (2010), “The Spanish Church and the Spanish Civil War: Between Persecution and Repression”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 68-89.
Romero-Salvadó, Francisco J. (1999). Twentieth-century Spain: Politics and Society in Spain, 1898-1998, London: Palgrave. Chapter 1, “Introduction”, pp. 1-19. Chapter 4: “The Second Republic: A Brief Exercise in Democracy, 1931-1936”, pp. 70-82. Chapter 7: “The Triumph of Democracy, 1975-1998”, 161-185.
Tierney, Dominic, “Franklin D. Roosevelt and Covert Aid to the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 299-313.
Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Tremlett, Gilles (2006), Ghosts of Spain: Travels through a country’s hidden past, London: Faber and Faber. Chapter 1: “Secretos a voces”, pp. 3-33.
_____ (2010), “The Grandsons of their Grandfathers: An Afterword”, in Carlos Jerez-Farrán and Samuel Amago (eds.), Unearthing Franco’s Legacy, Mass Graves and the Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 327-344.
Tusell, Javier and Genoveva Queipo de Llano (2000), “The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera”, in José Álvarez Junco and Adrian Shubert (eds.), Spanish History since 1808, London: Arnold, pp. 206-220.
Alpert, Michael, (2004 [1998]), A New International History of the Spanish Civil War, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Balfour, Sebastian and Alejandro Quiroga, (2007), The Reinvention of Spain: Nation and Identity since Democracy, Oxford: Oxford UP.
Carroll, Peter N. (1994), The Odissey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Stanford: Stanford UP.
Carroll, Peter N. and James D. Fernandez (2007), Facing Fascism: New York and the Spanish Civil War, New York: New York UP.
Dunthornt, David J. and Christian Leitz, (ed.) (1999), Spain in an International Context, 1936-1959, New York: Berghahn Books.
Esenwein, George and Shubert, Adrian (2000), Spain at War: The Spanish Civil War in Context, 1931-1939. London: Longman.
Keene, Judith (2003), Fighting for Franco: International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain During the Spanish Civil War, London: Leicester UP.
McRoberts, Kenneth (2001), Catalonia: Nation Building Without a State. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Payne, Stanley (1987), The Franco Regime, 1939-1975. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Preston, Paul (2008), We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War. London: Constable.
_____ (2012), The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain, London: HarperPress.
Richards, Michael (1998), A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945, Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Seidman, Michael (2002), Republic of Egos: A Social History of the Spanish Civil War, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Thomas, Hugh (2003 [1965]), The Spanish Civil War, London: Penguin.
Tierney, Dominique (2007), FDR and the Spanish Civil War: Neutrality and Commitment in the Struggle that Divided America, Durham: Duke UP.
Watson, Cameron (2003), Modern Basque History: Eighteenth Century to the Present, Reno: Center for Basque Studies.
Josep Grau studied Modern History at the University of Barcelona. He studied for his doctorate at the Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona and the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. His PhD focused on the origins of language planning in 20th Century Catalonia. His teaching experience includes the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and the Catalonia Police School. At IES Abroad he has taught Modern History of Spain since 2004. He has published two books and several articles on the political and cultural history of 20th Century Catalonia.