The focus of this course is the “Barcelona Model”, the ambitious urban, architectural, landscape, and public space projects steered by the public sector, that have transformed the city since the democratic transition, bringing international acclaim. The class is structured in three thematic blocks: the first offers a historical background that explores the urban and architectural developments in modern Barcelona from the industrial era of the 1850´s up to the transition of the 1970´s. The second block explores the post-Franco era regeneration of the city from the Olympic projects to the present. The strategies that cities are using to restructure their urban and economic base, to resituate themselves in a newly emerging international context will be discussed. The third part deals with post Olympic Barcelona and explores globalizing forces affecting contemporary cities, causing the creation of common landscapes as well as greater awareness of local identity, the environment and sustainability.
Attendance policy:
IES ATTENDANCE POLICY: Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any
exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, students are able to:
• Recognise and Distinguish: the formal and aesthetic aspects of contemporary Spanish architecture, landscape design and urbanism;
• Construct: a vocabulary for analysing architecture and urbanism in the modern city;
• Evaluate: the cultural, political and economic implications of urbanism and architecture within the context of the country’s modern history;
• Compare and Contrast: the Spanish context of architecture, landscape and urbanism with European and American examples to establish a broader set of issues;
• Debate: a series of wider themes that arise from studying the Barcelona model including: national identity; the importance of public space, new definitions of landscape; and the transformation of post
industrial cities.
Method of presentation:
• FIELD STUDIES: On site visits to works of architecture, urbanism, landscape and public space projects are an essential component of the class content. Students will tour works that form part of the
international projection of the city as well as visiting some of the everyday landscapes in
neighbourhoods far outside of normal tourist itineraries.
• LECTURES: The lectures provide a general overview of the course thematic, the general background and groundwork, as well as underlining theoretical frameworks that are the major focus of the class.
• CASE STUDIES: Following from the theoretical frameworks established in each session, specific cases will be studied in detail.
• READER: The texts offer a multi-disciplinary approach to issues in the contemporary city. Written by architects, geographers, urban sociologists, urbanists, art historians, and environmentalists, they range from historical background to contemporary analysis and critique.
• FILM EXCERPTS: The class will make use of recent film documentaries that deal with the transformation
of Barcelona as well as other cities including Bilbao and London.
• STUDENT PRESENTATIONS: Students will have the opportunity to analyze a specific work in Barcelona making use of a comparative approach and offer it to the group for discussion.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: English
Required work and form of assessment:
Class participation and attendance (20%); Midterm exam (25%); Final exam (25%); Research paper (20%); Oral presentation (10%)
Student participation in class is essential and will be assessed. Students are expected to have an active role in the class, participating in class discussions and fulfilling the required reading for each session. There are two exams: a midterm and a final, on the contents of the course. Students will also develop a written research paper on a topic in guidance with the instructor. The findings of this investigation will form the basis of an oral presentation given to the group by each student.
content:
Session 1: Introduction: The Barcelona Model.
Session 2: The Industrial City: Barcelona’s Expansion.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Cerdà Plan”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 122-142.
Session 3: The Industrial City: The Creation of Public Parks. The Ciutadella and the 1888 Exposicion. The Legacy of Modernisme
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “Barcelona, City of Innovation” in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 151- 176.
Session 4: Alternatives to the Industrial City: the Factory Town and Garden City Model. Gaudi’s Colonia Güell and Park Güell.
Required Reading: Sola Morales, Ignasi de. “The Park Güell”. Barcelona 1900-1914”, in The Architecture of Western Gardens. Ed. Mosser, Monique and Teyssot, George. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. 438-
440.
Session 5: Field Study: La Pedrera (Casa Mila)
Session 6: From Modernisme to Noucentisme. Overview of architectural and landscape transformations in the city before the Civil War. The German Pavillion by Mies van der Rohe.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Turn of the Century and Greater Barcelona”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 189-196 and 204-228.
Session 7: The Influence of the Modern Movement. The work of the GATCPAC and Le Corbusier. The Macià Plan and the Pavillion of the Spanish Republic, 1937.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Gatcpac and the Functional City” ”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 248-263.
Alix, Josefina. “From War to Magic: The Spanish Pavillion Paris 1937”, in Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi, Miro, Dali. Ed.Robinson, William H., Falgàs Jordi, Lord, Carmen Belen. Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. 450-457
Session 8: Field Study to the Mies van der Rohe Pavillion, Caixa Forum and Joan Miró Park
Session 9: Urban Social Landscapes and the Barcelona Model. The first plazas of the democratic transition: Grassroots movements and the Recuperation of Obsolete Industrial Spaces
Required Reading: Benach, Nuria. "Public Spaces in Barcelona 1980-2000" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 151-159.
Session 10: The Franco Years. A survey of Spanish Architecture and urban issues.
Required Reading: Fernández-Galiano, Luis. “1939-1975 Seeds of Change. The Franco Decades”, in AV Monografias 113. V-VI. (2005). pp. 20-31. Calavito, Nico and Amador Ferrer. "Behind Barcelona’s Success Story-Citizens Movements and Planner’s Power" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 47-63.
Session 11: Midterm Exam
Session12: Olympic Landscapes.
Required Reading: Esteban, Juli. "The Planning Project: Bringing Value to the Periphery, Recovering the Center", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp 111-149.
Session 13: Field Study: Santa Caterina Market and MACBA.
Required Reading: Subirats, Joan and Rius, Joachim. From the Xino to the Raval. Barcelona: Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. 2006. pp. 1-29. Available on line at http://www.cccb.org/ca/edicio_digital-del_xino_al_raval-10527
Session 14: Culture and the regeneration of Ciutat Vella,. Excerpts from the film “In Construction”
Required Reading: Subirats, Joan and Rius, Joachim. From the Xino to the Raval. Barcelona: Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. 2006. pp. 30-78. Available on line at http://www.cccb.org/ca/edicio_digital-del_xino_al_raval-10527
Session 15: Cultural Landscapes: A comparison between Barcelona’s transformations and
other Spanish and European cities.
Required Reading: Kligman, Anna. ”Beyond Bilbao”. In Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2007. pp. 237-253.
Session16: Cultural Landscapes continued: urban memory
Required Reading: Balibrea, Mari Paz. "Urbanism, Culture and the Post Industrial City: Challenging the Barcelona Model", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp. 205-224.
Session 17 : Field Visit: Forum 2004
Session 18: Post Olympic Barcelona. The concept of Terrain Vague and the Forum 2004
Required Reading: Ramon Resina, Joan. “From the Olympic Torch to the Universal Forum of Cultures: The After-Image of Barcelona´s Modernity”. In Barcelona´s Vocation of Modernity: Rise and
Decline of an Urban Image. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2008 pp.199-235.
Session 19: Field Visit: Diagonal Mar Park and Central Park Poble Nou
Session 20: Artscapes and Landscape Urbanism: the uses of public art and new topographic approaches to architecture, and public space.
Required Reading: Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance.” In The Anti-Aesthetic. Essays on Postmodern Culture. Ed. Foster, Hal. Seattle: Bay Press. 1983. pp.16-30.
Waldheim, Charles. “Landscape Urbanism: A Genealogy” . In Praxis 4 October 2002. pp.12-17.
Session 21: Globalization and Common Landscapes.
Required Reading: Muñoz, Francesc M. “Urbanalization: Common Landscapes, Global Places.” In The Open Urban Studies Journal, 2010, 3. Pp 78-88.
Session 22: P Towards sustainable architecture.
Presentations Begin.
Required Reading: Tello, Enric “Changing Course? Principles and Tools for local Sustainabilty” in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 225-249.
Session 23: Presentations.
Session 24: Presentations.
Final Exam
Required readings:
Alix, Josefina. “From War to Magic: The Spanish Pavillion Paris 1937”, in Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi, Miro, Dali. Ed.Robinson, William H., Falgàs Jordi, Lord, Carmen Belen. Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. 450-457.
Balibrea, Mari Paz. "Urbanism, Culture and the Post Industrial City: Challenging the Barcelona Model", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp. 205-224.
Benach, Nuria. "Public Spaces in Barcelona 1980-2000" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 151-159.
Busquets, Joan. “The Cerdà Plan”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 122-142.
Busquets, Joan. “Barcelona, City of Innovation” in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 151- 176.
Busquets, Joan. “The Turn of the Century and Greater Barcelona”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 189-196 and 204-228.
Busquets, Joan. “The Gatcpac and the Functional City” ”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 248-263.
Calavito, Nico and Amador Ferrer. "Behind Barcelona’s Success Story-Citizens Movements and Planner’s Power" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 47-63.
Esteban, Juli. "The Planning Project: Bringing Value to the Periphery, Recovering the Center", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp 111-149.
Fernández-Galiano, Luis. “1939-1975 Seeds of Change. The Franco Decades”, in AV Monografias 113. V- VI. (2005). pp. 20-31.
Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance.” In The Anti-Aesthetic. Essays on Postmodern Culture. Ed. Foster, Hal. Seattle: Bay Press. 1983. pp.16-30.
Kligman, Anna. ”Beyond Bilbao”. In Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2007. pp. 237-253.
Muñoz, Francesc M. “Urbanalization: Common Landscapes, Global Places.” In The Open Urban Studies Journal, 2010, 3. Pp 78-88.
Ramon Resina, Joan. “From the Olympic Torch to the Universal Forum of Cultures: The After- Image of Barcelona´s Modernity”. In Barcelona´s Vocation of Modernity: Rise and Decline of an Urban Image. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2008 pp.199-235.
Sola Morales, Ignasi de. “The Park Güell”. Barcelona 1900-1914”, in The Architecture of Western Gardens. Ed. Mosser, Monique and Teyssot, George. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. 438-440.
Tello, Enric “Changing Course? Principles and Tools for local Sustainabilty” in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 225-249.
Waldheim, Charles. “Landscape Urbanism: A Genealogy” . In Praxis 4 October 2002. pp.12-17.
Recommended readings:
Choay, Françoise. The Modern City: Planning in the 19th Century. NY: Braziller, 1969.
Galofaro, Luca. Artscapes: Art as an approach to contemporary landscape. Barcelona: GG, 2003.
Gausa, Manuel, Cervello, Marta and Pla, Maurici. BCN. Barcelona: Guide to Modern Architecture 1860-2002. Barcelona, ACTAR, 2003.
Mateo, Josep Lluís Ed. Contemporary Barcelona, 1856-1999. Barcelona: CCCB, 1996. McCulley, Marilyn Ed. Homage to Barcelona. Arts Council Great Britian, 1985.
Rowe, Peter. Building Barcelona. Barcelona: ACTAR, 2005.
Schroder, Thies. Changes in Scenery: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Europe. Birkhauser, 2001
The focus of this course is the “Barcelona Model”, the ambitious urban, architectural, landscape, and public space projects steered by the public sector, that have transformed the city since the democratic transition, bringing international acclaim. The class is structured in three thematic blocks: the first offers a historical background that explores the urban and architectural developments in modern Barcelona from the industrial era of the 1850´s up to the transition of the 1970´s. The second block explores the post-Franco era regeneration of the city from the Olympic projects to the present. The strategies that cities are using to restructure their urban and economic base, to resituate themselves in a newly emerging international context will be discussed. The third part deals with post Olympic Barcelona and explores globalizing forces affecting contemporary cities, causing the creation of common landscapes as well as greater awareness of local identity, the environment and sustainability.
IES ATTENDANCE POLICY: Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any
exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
By the end of the course, students are able to:
• Recognise and Distinguish: the formal and aesthetic aspects of contemporary Spanish architecture, landscape design and urbanism;
• Construct: a vocabulary for analysing architecture and urbanism in the modern city;
• Evaluate: the cultural, political and economic implications of urbanism and architecture within the context of the country’s modern history;
• Compare and Contrast: the Spanish context of architecture, landscape and urbanism with European and American examples to establish a broader set of issues;
• Debate: a series of wider themes that arise from studying the Barcelona model including: national identity; the importance of public space, new definitions of landscape; and the transformation of post
industrial cities.
• FIELD STUDIES: On site visits to works of architecture, urbanism, landscape and public space projects are an essential component of the class content. Students will tour works that form part of the
international projection of the city as well as visiting some of the everyday landscapes in
neighbourhoods far outside of normal tourist itineraries.
• LECTURES: The lectures provide a general overview of the course thematic, the general background and groundwork, as well as underlining theoretical frameworks that are the major focus of the class.
• CASE STUDIES: Following from the theoretical frameworks established in each session, specific cases will be studied in detail.
• READER: The texts offer a multi-disciplinary approach to issues in the contemporary city. Written by architects, geographers, urban sociologists, urbanists, art historians, and environmentalists, they range from historical background to contemporary analysis and critique.
• FILM EXCERPTS: The class will make use of recent film documentaries that deal with the transformation
of Barcelona as well as other cities including Bilbao and London.
• STUDENT PRESENTATIONS: Students will have the opportunity to analyze a specific work in Barcelona making use of a comparative approach and offer it to the group for discussion.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: English
Class participation and attendance (20%); Midterm exam (25%); Final exam (25%); Research paper (20%); Oral presentation (10%)
Student participation in class is essential and will be assessed. Students are expected to have an active role in the class, participating in class discussions and fulfilling the required reading for each session. There are two exams: a midterm and a final, on the contents of the course. Students will also develop a written research paper on a topic in guidance with the instructor. The findings of this investigation will form the basis of an oral presentation given to the group by each student.
Session 1: Introduction: The Barcelona Model.
Session 2: The Industrial City: Barcelona’s Expansion.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Cerdà Plan”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 122-142.
Session 3: The Industrial City: The Creation of Public Parks. The Ciutadella and the 1888 Exposicion. The Legacy of Modernisme
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “Barcelona, City of Innovation” in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 151- 176.
Session 4: Alternatives to the Industrial City: the Factory Town and Garden City Model. Gaudi’s Colonia Güell and Park Güell.
Required Reading: Sola Morales, Ignasi de. “The Park Güell”. Barcelona 1900-1914”, in The Architecture of Western Gardens. Ed. Mosser, Monique and Teyssot, George. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. 438-
440.
Session 5: Field Study: La Pedrera (Casa Mila)
Session 6: From Modernisme to Noucentisme. Overview of architectural and landscape transformations in the city before the Civil War. The German Pavillion by Mies van der Rohe.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Turn of the Century and Greater Barcelona”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 189-196 and 204-228.
Session 7: The Influence of the Modern Movement. The work of the GATCPAC and Le Corbusier. The Macià Plan and the Pavillion of the Spanish Republic, 1937.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. “The Gatcpac and the Functional City” ”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 248-263.
Alix, Josefina. “From War to Magic: The Spanish Pavillion Paris 1937”, in Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi, Miro, Dali. Ed.Robinson, William H., Falgàs Jordi, Lord, Carmen Belen. Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. 450-457
Session 8: Field Study to the Mies van der Rohe Pavillion, Caixa Forum and Joan Miró Park
Session 9: Urban Social Landscapes and the Barcelona Model. The first plazas of the democratic transition: Grassroots movements and the Recuperation of Obsolete Industrial Spaces
Required Reading: Benach, Nuria. "Public Spaces in Barcelona 1980-2000" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 151-159.
Session 10: The Franco Years. A survey of Spanish Architecture and urban issues.
Required Reading: Fernández-Galiano, Luis. “1939-1975 Seeds of Change. The Franco Decades”, in AV Monografias 113. V-VI. (2005). pp. 20-31. Calavito, Nico and Amador Ferrer. "Behind Barcelona’s Success Story-Citizens Movements and Planner’s Power" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 47-63.
Session 11: Midterm Exam
Session12: Olympic Landscapes.
Required Reading: Esteban, Juli. "The Planning Project: Bringing Value to the Periphery, Recovering the Center", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp 111-149.
Session 13: Field Study: Santa Caterina Market and MACBA.
Required Reading: Subirats, Joan and Rius, Joachim. From the Xino to the Raval. Barcelona: Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. 2006. pp. 1-29. Available on line at http://www.cccb.org/ca/edicio_digital-del_xino_al_raval-10527
Session 14: Culture and the regeneration of Ciutat Vella,. Excerpts from the film “In Construction”
Required Reading: Subirats, Joan and Rius, Joachim. From the Xino to the Raval. Barcelona: Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. 2006. pp. 30-78. Available on line at http://www.cccb.org/ca/edicio_digital-del_xino_al_raval-10527
Session 15: Cultural Landscapes: A comparison between Barcelona’s transformations and
other Spanish and European cities.
Required Reading: Kligman, Anna. ”Beyond Bilbao”. In Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2007. pp. 237-253.
Session16: Cultural Landscapes continued: urban memory
Required Reading: Balibrea, Mari Paz. "Urbanism, Culture and the Post Industrial City: Challenging the Barcelona Model", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp. 205-224.
Session 17 : Field Visit: Forum 2004
Session 18: Post Olympic Barcelona. The concept of Terrain Vague and the Forum 2004
Required Reading: Ramon Resina, Joan. “From the Olympic Torch to the Universal Forum of Cultures: The After-Image of Barcelona´s Modernity”. In Barcelona´s Vocation of Modernity: Rise and
Decline of an Urban Image. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2008 pp.199-235.
Session 19: Field Visit: Diagonal Mar Park and Central Park Poble Nou
Session 20: Artscapes and Landscape Urbanism: the uses of public art and new topographic approaches to architecture, and public space.
Required Reading: Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance.” In The Anti-Aesthetic. Essays on Postmodern Culture. Ed. Foster, Hal. Seattle: Bay Press. 1983. pp.16-30.
Waldheim, Charles. “Landscape Urbanism: A Genealogy” . In Praxis 4 October 2002. pp.12-17.
Session 21: Globalization and Common Landscapes.
Required Reading: Muñoz, Francesc M. “Urbanalization: Common Landscapes, Global Places.” In The Open Urban Studies Journal, 2010, 3. Pp 78-88.
Session 22: P Towards sustainable architecture.
Presentations Begin.
Required Reading: Tello, Enric “Changing Course? Principles and Tools for local Sustainabilty” in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 225-249.
Session 23: Presentations.
Session 24: Presentations.
Final Exam
Alix, Josefina. “From War to Magic: The Spanish Pavillion Paris 1937”, in Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi, Miro, Dali. Ed.Robinson, William H., Falgàs Jordi, Lord, Carmen Belen. Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. 450-457.
Balibrea, Mari Paz. "Urbanism, Culture and the Post Industrial City: Challenging the Barcelona Model", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp. 205-224.
Benach, Nuria. "Public Spaces in Barcelona 1980-2000" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 151-159.
Busquets, Joan. “The Cerdà Plan”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 122-142.
Busquets, Joan. “Barcelona, City of Innovation” in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 151- 176.
Busquets, Joan. “The Turn of the Century and Greater Barcelona”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 189-196 and 204-228.
Busquets, Joan. “The Gatcpac and the Functional City” ”, in Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Cambridge: Harvard College, 2005. Pp. 248-263.
Calavito, Nico and Amador Ferrer. "Behind Barcelona’s Success Story-Citizens Movements and Planner’s Power" in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 47-63.
Esteban, Juli. "The Planning Project: Bringing Value to the Periphery, Recovering the Center", in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge, 2003. pp 111-149.
Fernández-Galiano, Luis. “1939-1975 Seeds of Change. The Franco Decades”, in AV Monografias 113. V- VI. (2005). pp. 20-31.
Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance.” In The Anti-Aesthetic. Essays on Postmodern Culture. Ed. Foster, Hal. Seattle: Bay Press. 1983. pp.16-30.
Kligman, Anna. ”Beyond Bilbao”. In Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2007. pp. 237-253.
Muñoz, Francesc M. “Urbanalization: Common Landscapes, Global Places.” In The Open Urban Studies Journal, 2010, 3. Pp 78-88.
Ramon Resina, Joan. “From the Olympic Torch to the Universal Forum of Cultures: The After- Image of Barcelona´s Modernity”. In Barcelona´s Vocation of Modernity: Rise and Decline of an Urban Image. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2008 pp.199-235.
Sola Morales, Ignasi de. “The Park Güell”. Barcelona 1900-1914”, in The Architecture of Western Gardens. Ed. Mosser, Monique and Teyssot, George. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. Pp. 438-440.
Subirats, Joan and Rius, Joachim. From the Xino to the Raval. Barcelona: Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. 2006. pp. 1-78. Available on line at http://www.cccb.org/ca/edicio_digital-del_xino_al_raval-10527
Tello, Enric “Changing Course? Principles and Tools for local Sustainabilty” in Transforming Barcelona. Ed. Marshall, Tim. London: Routledge. Pp. 225-249.
Waldheim, Charles. “Landscape Urbanism: A Genealogy” . In Praxis 4 October 2002. pp.12-17.
Choay, Françoise. The Modern City: Planning in the 19th Century. NY: Braziller, 1969.
Galofaro, Luca. Artscapes: Art as an approach to contemporary landscape. Barcelona: GG, 2003.
Gausa, Manuel, Cervello, Marta and Pla, Maurici. BCN. Barcelona: Guide to Modern Architecture 1860-2002. Barcelona, ACTAR, 2003.
Mateo, Josep Lluís Ed. Contemporary Barcelona, 1856-1999. Barcelona: CCCB, 1996. McCulley, Marilyn Ed. Homage to Barcelona. Arts Council Great Britian, 1985.
Rowe, Peter. Building Barcelona. Barcelona: ACTAR, 2005.
Schroder, Thies. Changes in Scenery: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Europe. Birkhauser, 2001