This course aims to provide a theoretical as well as methodological framework of development issues and growth strategies of emergent countries. It will combine existent approaches of political economy and international public policy analysis to address the reorganization of power relations in the field of international economic governance.
Themes of the course include: democratization and liberalization strategies in the 1990s and the 2000s; global economic governance and alternate models; countries’ trade and investment strategies; resource curse, Dutch disease and diversification of the economy and historical precedents; the transformation of global economic governance—organizations, transnational forces and opinion fora; from hard power to soft power to green power—the rise of the environmental agenda in North-South relations; and new regionalism and alternative models of cooperation in the 21st century. (3 credits)
Prerequisites:
Recommended for students with previous knowledge of political economics.
Learning outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Recognize the basis of theories of development and their evolution over the years from industrialization-led models to New Economy models (ITs, Sustainable development strategies, etc.)
Assess the institutional setting and the policy-making processes in hybrid regimes and the specificities of decision-making
Define the fundamentals of political economy of markets and institutions in emerging countries (legislatures, governments, courts, regulations)
Evaluate the BRIC countries’ historical pathways of and their specificity (internationalization of their economies, stabilization issues, strategic actors, etc.)
Method of presentation:
Lectures illustrated by examples, case studies and Prezi presentations. All the bibliographical resources as well as the dissemination of information between the professor and the students will take place using the Moodle platform. Students are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the forum and to check it on a regular basis.
Required work and form of assessment:
Readings, oral presentations, midterm and final examination.
Grading as follows:
Class participation 10%
Two oral presentations 30%
Midterm evaluation 20%
Final exam 25%
Final project 15%
Students are expected to be aware of related events through newspapers, economic magazines and journals.
Assignments:
Oral Presentations- Short presentations of 10-15 minutes related to the case study of the session concerned; they can take an individual or a group format.The main purpose of this exercise will be to explain to other students in simple terms the full complexity of a given problem. The presentation will be followed by a discussion led by the students presenting, who will ask their fellow students their opinion about the topic and to link it with current events.
Final Project – Consists of a report written in teams on a topic decided at the beginning of the semester, dealing with a specific problem or challenge of development strategies in the developmental world. The report will have both an oral and a written format (10 pages). Team members will have to very succinctly present the main findings and engage in a lively debate during the final session of the semester.
Thematic Contents:
-Democratization and liberalization strategies in the 1990s and the 2000s
-Global economic governance and alternate models
-Countries’ trade and investment strategies
-Resource curse and Dutch disease: diversification of the economy and historical precedents
-The transformation of global economic governance: organizations, transnational forces and opinion fora
-From hard power to soft power to green power: the rise of the environmental agenda in North-South relations
-New regionalism and alternate models of cooperation in the 21st century
Evaluation Criteria:
Policy memos and all written assignments will be assessed on the basis of: content, clarity, comprehensiveness, and creativity. Presentations will be graded using similar criteria: content, clarity, comprehensiveness, creativity, peer evaluations, and group participation.
Content: Develops and supports a central thesis. Provides a focused argument throughout the essay/talk.
Clarity: Writes/speaks clearly by developing a coherent, well-organized text; arranging sentences in a logical manner; using correct punctuation, spelling, and grammar; and providing correct citations.
Comprehensiveness: Has reviewed the relevant literature and material, shows a decent understanding of the topic, and uses multiple bibliographic sources (books, journal articles, interviews, web-based information). Does not use strictly web-based sources. Able to critique differing points of view on the topic.
Creativity: Draws the reader/listener in and engages him/her in the topic. Makes an original contribution to the topic. Presents material in an interesting or unique way that is particularly helpful to the reader.
Peer Evaluations: Each student in the class will be given an opportunity to critique other students’ presentations. Students should remember that their peers are their target audience and they want to engage them in a discussion of their topic. Peer evaluations will be confidential and anonymous.
Group Participation: The majority of students’ presentations will be based on the work of their group. This component of the grade, however, will be based on the student’s group’s evaluation of the student’s effort in developing the project. The evaluations will be reported directly to the instructor and will be confidential. All group members should contribute to developing the presentation.
content:
There are two sessions per week: one is typically dedicated to the professor’s lecture of the day, the other to a seminar where exercises will take place.
SECTION I: The Economic and Political Foundations of Development
Session 1: What is an emergent country? An introduction to Development Economics in the Developmental World
This session will explore the new map of emergent economic powers and revise classic definitions of international power. Main topics will include North-South relations and their evolution over time, new definitions of development as defined by political economy and trade theory, and the importance of coordination of macroeconomic policies.
Readings
-Jorgen Dige Pedersen - Globalization, Development and The State: The Performance of India and Brazil since 1990 Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, Excerpt.
-White, Colin. Understanding Economic Development: A Global Transition from Poverty to Prosperit?, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2009, pp. 3-22.
-The Muth of Development. By Oswaldo De Rivero Zed Books, London 2001, pp. 6-27.
Session 2: Workshop Presentation and Assignments Discussion
Session 3: Emerging Countries’ Institutional Challenges: The Role of the State
Among the most salient features of emerging countries’ development appear the enforcement of the rule of law and the capacity by the State to guarantee a stable institutional framework. These preconditions are not only necessary to ensure successful transitions to a democratic rule and a sustainable market economy, but provide the very basis of new development strategies. The institutional capacity of the State even though it was overlooked for most of the 20th century, has become a crucial component of new development strategies for BRIC countries, that demand favorable investment frameworks, but also social peace and the perspective of inner economic growth.
Readings
-Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2010, Introduction.
-Jorgen Dige Pedersen, Globalization, Development and The State: The Performance of India and Brazil
since 1990 Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, 42-120
- Lee, Simon. and McBride, Stephen. Neo-liberalism, state power and global governance / edited by
Simon Lee and Stephen McBride Springer, Dordrecht: 2007 pp.1-26
- Anna Grzymala-Busse, “Beyond Clientelism: Incumbent State Capture and State Formation,”
Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 4–5, p.638-673
Session 4: Movie Session: “City of God” Dir. Antonio Meirelles, 2002.
Session 5: The Regulation of Global Commodities Markets: From Resource Curse to National Strategies of Strategic Resource Growth
Commodities have traditionally been the steppingstones of emergent countries’ development. From coffee and rubber, to copper, steel and soy beans, countries from the South struggled to generate development strategies out of commodities’ export-led strategies. Danger looms however in the face of commodity dependency especially when these growth strategies can lead emergent countries into Dutch disease syndromes.
Readings
-Daniel J. McCarthy, Sheila M. Puffer and Oleg S. Vikhanski “Russian multinationals: natural resource champions” in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V. ,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 7.
-Christina Stringer and Richard Le Heron "Agri-Food Commodity Chains and Globalising Networks" Ashgate, London, 2008, 258 p. (excerpt)
- El-Gamal, M. Myers Jaffe, A. Oil,. Dollars, Debt and Crisis. The global curse of Black Gold. Cambridge.
University Press, 2010, p.1-24
Session 6: From the Indian Car to the Chinese Airplane: A Short History of Industrialization in the Emergent World
Is it possible to break through the wall of underdevelopment and attain the status of a developed economy? China and India are furiously competing to attain the status of a relevant, developed nation sometime in the future that would wither their capacity to alter the existing design of international governance. However, the road to attain such a status is not an easy one and relies mostly on the capacity to combine industrial strategies with a selective integration to external markets.
Readings
-Louis T. Wells, Jr “Third world multinationals: a look back” in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V.,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 2.
-Ravi Ramamurti and Jitendra V. Singh Indian multinationals: generic internationalization strategies in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V.,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 6.
Session 7: Workshop
Case Study 1: The Brazilian Civil Aircraft Industry: is EMBRAER all there is?
Case Study 2: COMAC and the Chinese airplane: too little, too late?
Case Study 3: Is Russia a Petrostate?
Case Study 4: Behind the electric car: Chile’s lithium industry supremacy.
SECTION II: Building Blocks vs. Stumbling Blocks: Is South-South Cooperation Possible?
Session 8: Beyond the BRICS: A look at the “Next 11” and the Search of Long-lasting Commonalities
The BRICS has been a useful label for the coordination of big emergent nations’ interests, but its main original purpose was to point to a group of countries appealing to investors looking for stable institutional and market settings. Yet the rapid industrialization of the latter has led to rising labor costs, national industrial development strategies, among other phenomena, that led to a revision of their appeal. New opportunities arise on a new set of emergent countries that are experiencing rapid political change and market stabilization, pointing to the ever expanding horizon of investors.
Readings
-Svetlana Borodina, Oleg Shvyrkov, "Investing in BRIC Countries: Evaluating Risk and Governance in Brazil, Russia, India, and China" M-Gr.w-H ,2010, Excerpt.
-Posner, P.W. (2008). State, market, and democracy in Chile: The constraint of popular participation. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan p. 17-36.
-Baker, A. The Market and the Masses in Latin America: Policy Reform and Consumption in Liberalizing Economies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, p. 191-256.
Session 9: Workshop
Case Study 5: Is Economic growth compatible with endemic violence? The case of Mexico.
Case Study 6: Politics and Economics: the implications of Egypt’s revolution to national development designs.
Session 10: Regional vs. Cross-Regional Cooperation: The Gulf Cooperation Countries
This session will explore alternate integration schemes that have appeared over the last years. Based on an enhanced political cooperation, these new regionalization models go beyond traditional integration strategies in the 1990s that favored free markets over industrial cooperation and economic growth strategies.
Readings
-Ronald MacDonald, Abdulrazak Al Faris, "Currency Union and Exchange Rate Issues: Lessons for the Gulf States (New Horizons in Money and Finance)" Edward Elgar, 2010, 202 p. (excerpt)
Session 11: Between Regionalism and Regionalization: ASEAN smooth model of integration
Cooperation between big emergent countries has led to the convergence of interests beyond the strict realm of economics. Other issues tied to market exchange such as security and migration regulation have a direct impact on national growth strategies, as they have an impact on customs regulation and labor control. This problem is particularly acute in the Association of East Asian Nations and this session will explore these alternate cooperation schemes as they participate in the strengthening of South-South cooperation.
Special report by The Economist, available on Moodle.
Session 12: Workshop
Case study 7: Demography in India: eternal curse or hidden blessing?
Case study 8: Gulf Airport Infrastructure competition and integration boom in the 2000s.
Session 13: Mid-Term Exam
Session 14: Old Wine in New Bottles: From Mercosur to UNASUR
Latin American countries have struggled in the past to advance regional integration yet results have been modest and the coordination of trade and industrial policies is still subordinated to the whims of political leaders. This session will explore the problem of institutional design in regional endeavors.
Readings
-Ashish Arora, Alfonso Gambardella, "From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel" OUP, 2005, 324p. (excerpt)
-Mortimer, Michael, “The Transnationalization of Developing America: Trends, Challenges, and (Missed) opportunities” in Sanchez-Ancochea, Diego and Shadlen, Kenneth C., eds. The political economy of hemispheric integration: responding to globalization in the Americas, Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2008. p. 27-55.
SECTION III: The “New Economy” and Emergent Countries’ Structural Constraints vs. Growth Strategies
Session 15: Environmental Policies in Emergent Countries: Are They All for Show?
Are development and environment convergent principles in emergent countries? If developing nations have managed to increase their output in an exponential way, this has been largely due to the neglect of environmental concerns, such as air pollution, production and living standards, waste management and industrial pollution. Yet a growing conscience of the importance of such matters is slowly but surely having an impact on the policy-making process, and environmental-friendly endeavors are pursued in major developing markets. Do these changes signal an inflexion in the path to development, or are they simply cosmetic alterations to a fundamentally unchanged development model?
Readings
-Jahiel, Abigail R. “China, the WTO, and implications for the environment” Environmental Politics, Apr2006, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p. 310-329.
Session 16: Workshop
Case study 9: Preserving the Amazon: how serious are Brazilian environmental policies?
Case study 10: Russia’s environmental policy since 1990
Session 17: The Need for Infrastructure: Cities, Ports and Highways
The lack of infrastructure has been pointed out by OECD reports as one of the major bottlenecks of growth in emergent countries for the next decade. After a first stage of development that relied almost exclusively on exports and economies of scale, there is a growing national demand for better infrastructure that could trigger impressive growth levels in the next decade.
Readings
-Mahrukh Doctor, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 22, nº 2 (86), April-June/2002. Business and Delays in Port Reform in Brazil.
-Tuna, Tasan-Kok, Guy Baeten, “Contradictions of Neoliberal Planning: Cities, Policies, and Politics” Springer Press, New York, 2012, p.117-146.
Session 18: The New Space Programs of Emergent Powers: Ambitions, Goals and Realities
Among the many ambitions of new development giants is the conquest of space that has been put on hold in many former space powers. The potential reputational gains are matched by the promise of the concrete economics gains these programs hold, both in terms of industrial specialization and technology enhancement.
Readings
-Harvey, Brian, Smid, Henk H. F., Pirard, Theo, “Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America”, Springer, 2010, 538 p. (excerpt)
-Dinshaw, Misty India's Emerging Space Program Pacific Affairs Vol. 71, No. 2 (Summer, 1998) (pp. 151-174)
Session 19: Workshop
Case study 13: The role of the Brazilian Space agency in the Brazil development
designs.
Case study 14: The modernization of ports infrastructure in Peru.
Case study 15: A daunting challenge? ground transportation in India and
government designs.
Session 20: Catching Up with the Rest: E-government and IT Diffusion Strategies in BRIC Countries
The world of IT is changing traditional perspectives on government and institutions within emergent polities. How radical is this change and what opportunities does it provide for the establishment of technological clusters and high added value industries? Do these new sectors contribute to a revision of long-lived arrangements between government and society?
Readings
-Ashish Arora, Alfonso Gambardella, "From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel" OUP, 2005, 324p. (excerpt)
-Tigre, Paulo; Botelho, Antonio. “Brazil Meets the Global Challenge: IT Policy in Post liberalization Environment Information Society,” Apr 2001, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p91-103.
Session 21: Being Nice to those Behind? Development and Assistance Reviewed in the Emergent World
One of the main questions regarding the status of newly developed countries or emerging giants has been their capacity to provide a different reading of international problems, and a different sensitivity than the one of Western industrialized powers in regards to the problems of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). However, economic strategies and diplomacy by Brazil, India, China and Russia, as much as they differ from the argumentative or rhetorical point of view, still rely on the same fundamental levers and transmission chains as the ones of developed countries. What is needed to change this dynamic? Can enhanced participation and recognition in international for a and organization alter this relation?
Readings
-Deborah Brautigam, "The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa" Oxford University Press. Selected chapters.
Session 22: Workshop, followed by Field Study to Geneva (WTO and UNCTAD)
Case study 16: Brazil cooperation in Africa: “too much love will hurt you”?
Case study 17: China’s role in Africa: beyond development?
Session 23: Project Presentation and Open Debate
Final Exam
Required readings:
Ramamurti R. and Singh J.V., eds. (2009) “Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets.” New York: Cambridge University Press.
SECONDARY SOURCES (strongly recommended):
Bresser Pereira, L.C. (2009) “Globalization and Competition Why Some Emergent Countries Succeed while Others Fall Behind.” Cambridge University Press.
Pelle, Stefano (2007) “Understanding Emerging Markets: Building Business BRIC by Brick.” Response Books.
Brautigam, Deborah (2010) "The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa" Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Emerging Markets and Development Strategies in the 21st Century
This course aims to provide a theoretical as well as methodological framework of development issues and growth strategies of emergent countries. It will combine existent approaches of political economy and international public policy analysis to address the reorganization of power relations in the field of international economic governance.
Themes of the course include: democratization and liberalization strategies in the 1990s and the 2000s; global economic governance and alternate models; countries’ trade and investment strategies; resource curse, Dutch disease and diversification of the economy and historical precedents; the transformation of global economic governance—organizations, transnational forces and opinion fora; from hard power to soft power to green power—the rise of the environmental agenda in North-South relations; and new regionalism and alternative models of cooperation in the 21st century. (3 credits)
Recommended for students with previous knowledge of political economics.
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to
Lectures illustrated by examples, case studies and Prezi presentations. All the bibliographical resources as well as the dissemination of information between the professor and the students will take place using the Moodle platform. Students are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the forum and to check it on a regular basis.
Readings, oral presentations, midterm and final examination.
Grading as follows:
Class participation 10%
Two oral presentations 30%
Midterm evaluation 20%
Final exam 25%
Final project 15%
Students are expected to be aware of related events through newspapers, economic magazines and journals.
Assignments:
Oral Presentations- Short presentations of 10-15 minutes related to the case study of the session concerned; they can take an individual or a group format.The main purpose of this exercise will be to explain to other students in simple terms the full complexity of a given problem. The presentation will be followed by a discussion led by the students presenting, who will ask their fellow students their opinion about the topic and to link it with current events.
Final Project – Consists of a report written in teams on a topic decided at the beginning of the semester, dealing with a specific problem or challenge of development strategies in the developmental world. The report will have both an oral and a written format (10 pages). Team members will have to very succinctly present the main findings and engage in a lively debate during the final session of the semester.
Thematic Contents:
-Democratization and liberalization strategies in the 1990s and the 2000s
-Global economic governance and alternate models
-Countries’ trade and investment strategies
-Resource curse and Dutch disease: diversification of the economy and historical precedents
-The transformation of global economic governance: organizations, transnational forces and opinion fora
-From hard power to soft power to green power: the rise of the environmental agenda in North-South relations
-New regionalism and alternate models of cooperation in the 21st century
Evaluation Criteria:
Policy memos and all written assignments will be assessed on the basis of: content, clarity, comprehensiveness, and creativity. Presentations will be graded using similar criteria: content, clarity, comprehensiveness, creativity, peer evaluations, and group participation.
Content: Develops and supports a central thesis. Provides a focused argument throughout the essay/talk.
Clarity: Writes/speaks clearly by developing a coherent, well-organized text; arranging sentences in a logical manner; using correct punctuation, spelling, and grammar; and providing correct citations.
Comprehensiveness: Has reviewed the relevant literature and material, shows a decent understanding of the topic, and uses multiple bibliographic sources (books, journal articles, interviews, web-based information). Does not use strictly web-based sources. Able to critique differing points of view on the topic.
Creativity: Draws the reader/listener in and engages him/her in the topic. Makes an original contribution to the topic. Presents material in an interesting or unique way that is particularly helpful to the reader.
Peer Evaluations: Each student in the class will be given an opportunity to critique other students’ presentations. Students should remember that their peers are their target audience and they want to engage them in a discussion of their topic. Peer evaluations will be confidential and anonymous.
Group Participation: The majority of students’ presentations will be based on the work of their group. This component of the grade, however, will be based on the student’s group’s evaluation of the student’s effort in developing the project. The evaluations will be reported directly to the instructor and will be confidential. All group members should contribute to developing the presentation.
There are two sessions per week: one is typically dedicated to the professor’s lecture of the day, the other to a seminar where exercises will take place.
SECTION I: The Economic and Political Foundations of Development
Session 1: What is an emergent country? An introduction to Development Economics in the Developmental World
This session will explore the new map of emergent economic powers and revise classic definitions of international power. Main topics will include North-South relations and their evolution over time, new definitions of development as defined by political economy and trade theory, and the importance of coordination of macroeconomic policies.
Readings
-Jorgen Dige Pedersen - Globalization, Development and The State: The Performance of India and Brazil since 1990 Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, Excerpt.
-White, Colin. Understanding Economic Development: A Global Transition from Poverty to Prosperit?, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2009, pp. 3-22.
-The Muth of Development. By Oswaldo De Rivero Zed Books, London 2001, pp. 6-27.
Session 2: Workshop Presentation and Assignments Discussion
Session 3: Emerging Countries’ Institutional Challenges: The Role of the State
Among the most salient features of emerging countries’ development appear the enforcement of the rule of law and the capacity by the State to guarantee a stable institutional framework. These preconditions are not only necessary to ensure successful transitions to a democratic rule and a sustainable market economy, but provide the very basis of new development strategies. The institutional capacity of the State even though it was overlooked for most of the 20th century, has become a crucial component of new development strategies for BRIC countries, that demand favorable investment frameworks, but also social peace and the perspective of inner economic growth.
Readings
-Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2010, Introduction.
-Jorgen Dige Pedersen, Globalization, Development and The State: The Performance of India and Brazil
since 1990 Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, 42-120
- Lee, Simon. and McBride, Stephen. Neo-liberalism, state power and global governance / edited by
Simon Lee and Stephen McBride Springer, Dordrecht: 2007 pp.1-26
- Anna Grzymala-Busse, “Beyond Clientelism: Incumbent State Capture and State Formation,”
Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 4–5, p.638-673
Session 4: Movie Session: “City of God” Dir. Antonio Meirelles, 2002.
Session 5: The Regulation of Global Commodities Markets: From Resource Curse to National Strategies of Strategic Resource Growth
Commodities have traditionally been the steppingstones of emergent countries’ development. From coffee and rubber, to copper, steel and soy beans, countries from the South struggled to generate development strategies out of commodities’ export-led strategies. Danger looms however in the face of commodity dependency especially when these growth strategies can lead emergent countries into Dutch disease syndromes.
Readings
-Daniel J. McCarthy, Sheila M. Puffer and Oleg S. Vikhanski “Russian multinationals: natural resource champions” in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V. ,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 7.
-Christina Stringer and Richard Le Heron "Agri-Food Commodity Chains and Globalising Networks" Ashgate, London, 2008, 258 p. (excerpt)
- El-Gamal, M. Myers Jaffe, A. Oil,. Dollars, Debt and Crisis. The global curse of Black Gold. Cambridge.
University Press, 2010, p.1-24
Session 6: From the Indian Car to the Chinese Airplane: A Short History of Industrialization in the Emergent World
Is it possible to break through the wall of underdevelopment and attain the status of a developed economy? China and India are furiously competing to attain the status of a relevant, developed nation sometime in the future that would wither their capacity to alter the existing design of international governance. However, the road to attain such a status is not an easy one and relies mostly on the capacity to combine industrial strategies with a selective integration to external markets.
Readings
-Louis T. Wells, Jr “Third world multinationals: a look back” in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V.,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 2.
-Ravi Ramamurti and Jitendra V. Singh Indian multinationals: generic internationalization strategies in Ramamurti R., Singh J.V.,eds. (2009) Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Chapter 6.
Session 7: Workshop
Case Study 1: The Brazilian Civil Aircraft Industry: is EMBRAER all there is?
Case Study 2: COMAC and the Chinese airplane: too little, too late?
Case Study 3: Is Russia a Petrostate?
Case Study 4: Behind the electric car: Chile’s lithium industry supremacy.
SECTION II: Building Blocks vs. Stumbling Blocks: Is South-South Cooperation Possible?
Session 8: Beyond the BRICS: A look at the “Next 11” and the Search of Long-lasting Commonalities
The BRICS has been a useful label for the coordination of big emergent nations’ interests, but its main original purpose was to point to a group of countries appealing to investors looking for stable institutional and market settings. Yet the rapid industrialization of the latter has led to rising labor costs, national industrial development strategies, among other phenomena, that led to a revision of their appeal. New opportunities arise on a new set of emergent countries that are experiencing rapid political change and market stabilization, pointing to the ever expanding horizon of investors.
Readings
-Svetlana Borodina, Oleg Shvyrkov, "Investing in BRIC Countries: Evaluating Risk and Governance in Brazil, Russia, India, and China" M-Gr.w-H ,2010, Excerpt.
-Posner, P.W. (2008). State, market, and democracy in Chile: The constraint of popular participation. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan p. 17-36.
-Baker, A. The Market and the Masses in Latin America: Policy Reform and Consumption in Liberalizing Economies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, p. 191-256.
Session 9: Workshop
Case Study 5: Is Economic growth compatible with endemic violence? The case of Mexico.
Case Study 6: Politics and Economics: the implications of Egypt’s revolution to national development designs.
Session 10: Regional vs. Cross-Regional Cooperation: The Gulf Cooperation Countries
This session will explore alternate integration schemes that have appeared over the last years. Based on an enhanced political cooperation, these new regionalization models go beyond traditional integration strategies in the 1990s that favored free markets over industrial cooperation and economic growth strategies.
Readings
-Ronald MacDonald, Abdulrazak Al Faris, "Currency Union and Exchange Rate Issues: Lessons for the Gulf States (New Horizons in Money and Finance)" Edward Elgar, 2010, 202 p. (excerpt)
Session 11: Between Regionalism and Regionalization: ASEAN smooth model of integration
Cooperation between big emergent countries has led to the convergence of interests beyond the strict realm of economics. Other issues tied to market exchange such as security and migration regulation have a direct impact on national growth strategies, as they have an impact on customs regulation and labor control. This problem is particularly acute in the Association of East Asian Nations and this session will explore these alternate cooperation schemes as they participate in the strengthening of South-South cooperation.
Special report by The Economist, available on Moodle.
Session 12: Workshop
Case study 7: Demography in India: eternal curse or hidden blessing?
Case study 8: Gulf Airport Infrastructure competition and integration boom in the 2000s.
Session 13: Mid-Term Exam
Session 14: Old Wine in New Bottles: From Mercosur to UNASUR
Latin American countries have struggled in the past to advance regional integration yet results have been modest and the coordination of trade and industrial policies is still subordinated to the whims of political leaders. This session will explore the problem of institutional design in regional endeavors.
Readings
-Ashish Arora, Alfonso Gambardella, "From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel" OUP, 2005, 324p. (excerpt)
-Mortimer, Michael, “The Transnationalization of Developing America: Trends, Challenges, and (Missed) opportunities” in Sanchez-Ancochea, Diego and Shadlen, Kenneth C., eds. The political economy of hemispheric integration: responding to globalization in the Americas, Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2008. p. 27-55.
SECTION III: The “New Economy” and Emergent Countries’ Structural Constraints vs. Growth Strategies
Session 15: Environmental Policies in Emergent Countries: Are They All for Show?
Are development and environment convergent principles in emergent countries? If developing nations have managed to increase their output in an exponential way, this has been largely due to the neglect of environmental concerns, such as air pollution, production and living standards, waste management and industrial pollution. Yet a growing conscience of the importance of such matters is slowly but surely having an impact on the policy-making process, and environmental-friendly endeavors are pursued in major developing markets. Do these changes signal an inflexion in the path to development, or are they simply cosmetic alterations to a fundamentally unchanged development model?
Readings
-Jahiel, Abigail R. “China, the WTO, and implications for the environment” Environmental Politics, Apr2006, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p. 310-329.
Session 16: Workshop
Case study 9: Preserving the Amazon: how serious are Brazilian environmental policies?
Case study 10: Russia’s environmental policy since 1990
Session 17: The Need for Infrastructure: Cities, Ports and Highways
The lack of infrastructure has been pointed out by OECD reports as one of the major bottlenecks of growth in emergent countries for the next decade. After a first stage of development that relied almost exclusively on exports and economies of scale, there is a growing national demand for better infrastructure that could trigger impressive growth levels in the next decade.
Readings
-Mahrukh Doctor, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 22, nº 2 (86), April-June/2002. Business and Delays in Port Reform in Brazil.
-Tuna, Tasan-Kok, Guy Baeten, “Contradictions of Neoliberal Planning: Cities, Policies, and Politics” Springer Press, New York, 2012, p.117-146.
Session 18: The New Space Programs of Emergent Powers: Ambitions, Goals and Realities
Among the many ambitions of new development giants is the conquest of space that has been put on hold in many former space powers. The potential reputational gains are matched by the promise of the concrete economics gains these programs hold, both in terms of industrial specialization and technology enhancement.
Readings
-Harvey, Brian, Smid, Henk H. F., Pirard, Theo, “Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America”, Springer, 2010, 538 p. (excerpt)
-Dinshaw, Misty India's Emerging Space Program Pacific Affairs Vol. 71, No. 2 (Summer, 1998) (pp. 151-174)
Session 19: Workshop
Case study 13: The role of the Brazilian Space agency in the Brazil development
designs.
Case study 14: The modernization of ports infrastructure in Peru.
Case study 15: A daunting challenge? ground transportation in India and
government designs.
Session 20: Catching Up with the Rest: E-government and IT Diffusion Strategies in BRIC Countries
The world of IT is changing traditional perspectives on government and institutions within emergent polities. How radical is this change and what opportunities does it provide for the establishment of technological clusters and high added value industries? Do these new sectors contribute to a revision of long-lived arrangements between government and society?
Readings
-Ashish Arora, Alfonso Gambardella, "From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel" OUP, 2005, 324p. (excerpt)
-Tigre, Paulo; Botelho, Antonio. “Brazil Meets the Global Challenge: IT Policy in Post liberalization Environment Information Society,” Apr 2001, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p91-103.
Session 21: Being Nice to those Behind? Development and Assistance Reviewed in the Emergent World
One of the main questions regarding the status of newly developed countries or emerging giants has been their capacity to provide a different reading of international problems, and a different sensitivity than the one of Western industrialized powers in regards to the problems of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). However, economic strategies and diplomacy by Brazil, India, China and Russia, as much as they differ from the argumentative or rhetorical point of view, still rely on the same fundamental levers and transmission chains as the ones of developed countries. What is needed to change this dynamic? Can enhanced participation and recognition in international for a and organization alter this relation?
Readings
-Deborah Brautigam, "The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa" Oxford University Press. Selected chapters.
Session 22: Workshop, followed by Field Study to Geneva (WTO and UNCTAD)
Case study 16: Brazil cooperation in Africa: “too much love will hurt you”?
Case study 17: China’s role in Africa: beyond development?
Session 23: Project Presentation and Open Debate
Final Exam
Ramamurti R. and Singh J.V., eds. (2009) “Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets.” New York: Cambridge University Press.
SECONDARY SOURCES (strongly recommended):
Bresser Pereira, L.C. (2009) “Globalization and Competition Why Some Emergent Countries Succeed while Others Fall Behind.” Cambridge University Press.
Pelle, Stefano (2007) “Understanding Emerging Markets: Building Business BRIC by Brick.” Response Books.
Brautigam, Deborah (2010) "The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa" Oxford, Oxford University Press.