To live our city means to expand the limits of our homes. To understand this concept we will study public spaces and the importance of their form and qualities to help us feel as one with the city. The course will focus on the characteristics of different public spaces and the activities that take place in them. Throughout the study in time of city urban development and its public spaces in both Europe and America we will distinguish the advantages of each. Barcelona will serve as case of study for the European perspective.
Attendance policy:
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, students are able to:
• Recognize the more relevant urban features of both European (with Barcelona as specific case) and
American contexts.
• Distinguish the historical layers in both European and American urban form process.
• Increase their understanding of cities as urban/public places and the way people live in them.
• To identify and contrast Barcelona’s public places with the public places of theirs own cities.
• Understand layouts and maps so that, they manage to orient themselves in a building or city.
Method of presentation:
Lectures and class debates: The lectures provide the theoretical content of the sessions together with the adequate visual support. Class discussions facilitate the students’ ability to relate readings and lectures, analyzing or applying concepts.
Field studies: Guided and self guided visits to significant city areas related to the content of the course such as Barri Gotic, Eixample, Barceloneta. Each student must complete a field journal relating the four field study visits. The Forum area will be a self guided field study. (A guide will be provided)
Student Presentations: Each student will make a presentation based on their own research of three
Barcelona´s Public places. These public places together with those cover in field studies routes will make up an extensive list of possible eligible Public places for their Final project.
Class Participation: Students are expected to participate in class discussions and in other activities
related with the course contents and readings.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: English
Required work and form of assessment:
: Mid-term exam (25%); field journals (15%);
homework (15%); final project (25%); class participation (20%)
• MID-TERM EXAM: Based on the contents of the course and will consist of short and essay-like
questions (25%). After mid term, quizzes or take home exams could take place and will be considered as part of student participation
• JOURNALS: Students will write a journal about field studies and self-guided visits describing the public places of the route, its qualities and activities, together with theirs personal impressions in both on-site classes and self-guided ones (15%)
• HOMEWORK: Reading Questions should be answer for each session, together with some other assignments intended to improve student’s capacity of observation, environmental qualities and city life. After Midterm students will form groups to do the Barcelona’s Public Places Project, and make an individual presentation of their findings to the class. (15%)
• FINAL PROJECT: After mid-term the students will choose a specific public place or area in Barcelona, and start a research on the selected place. The findings of this investigation will be part of the Final Project. This project will be developed as an article for a travel specialize publication keeping in mind that the main theme of the course is the public places and their social life. The article will be about one specific public place of Barcelona selected by the student. The selected place should be analyzed and described in detail, so that theirs reader's are able to experience and understand the place and its life. The article must be at list 5 pages long (25%)
• CLASS PARTICIPATION: (20%)
content:
Session 1: General overview of the course.
Session 2: The idea of Public Realm. City stability. Models of social life. Review of urban design concepts.
Required Reading: Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). The public Realm and the good city. In Suzanne H. Crowhurst Lennard, Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors. (pp.
79-83).
Session 3: The compact city, mixed uses and well defined public places as centers of community life. New Urbanism principles. City & drawings.
Required Reading: Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). Seven aims for the livable City. In Suzanne H. Crowhurst Lennard, Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard & Crowhurst Editors. (pp. 18-20).
Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (2004). Principles of True Urbanism. Available online at: http://www.livablecities.org/articles/principles-true-urbanism[2]
Session 4: Field Study I: Public places in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter; The Ramblas, Plaza
Real, St Jaume, St Felipe Neri among others.
Required Reading: Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 18-35, 38-66).
Session 5: Urban form through time. Europe I: Urban morphology in early cities. Determinants.
The Barcino.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 8-18)
Session 6: Urban form through time, in Europe II The medieval Urban form; its legacy in Barcelona
city shape.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 92-103).
Session 7: Urban form through time, in Europe III The urban form in the European Renaissance. Italy, France and the Royal Places. London Residential Square
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 157-168, 191-197, 248-252, 261-265).
Session 8: Field study II: The Example. The Barcelona extension, and its emblematic urban form. A hundred years of the Cerdà’s Plan.
Required Reading: Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 278-309).
Session 9: Urban form through time, in Europe VI 19th century reforms and expansions. The Industrial City. Baron Haussman’s & Cerdá legacy.
Required Reading: Frampton, Kenneth. (1980). Modern Architecture a critical history. London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd. (pp. 20-28).
Session 10: Urban form through time, in Europe V The Modern’s City. Le Corbusier. New buildings types & zoning. Leo Krier and his critical perspective
Required Reading: Curtis, William J.R. (1986). Le Corbusier. Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli. (pp. 7-8, 60-66). Busquets, Joan. (2006). The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 248-258).
Session 11: Midterm exam
Session 12: The Barcelona experience. Making your way in the city. Different historical times
and layouts. Barcelona’s memorable places.
Required Reading: Lynch, Kevin. (1991). City Sense and City Design. Writings and projects. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press. (pp. 468-475).
Session 13: Field study III : The Barceloneta. Past and present. 1992 Olympic games. The Waterfront the new seaside landscape.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. (2006). The city of Barceloneta. In Joan Busquets, The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 89-93).
Journal of Architecture. (1999). The Royal Gold Medal 1999: the City of Barcelona. Vol. 4 Issue
3, 229-244. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 14: Urban form through time, in America I Architectural and urban heritage in America, first cities and its urban form.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 321-329).
Session 15: Urban form through time, in America II. The evolution of urban morphology from the foundations through 19th America.
Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 330-356).
Session 16: Urban form through time, in America III. 20th century. CIAM, impact of modern movement ideas in USA. Zoning Consequences in the American City. Yoke-Sum, Wong. (2008). Modernism's Love Child. Common Knowledge, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p445-464. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 17: Public places in Barcelona 1980-2000
Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Required Reading: Marshall, Tim. Benach, Nuria (2004). Transforming Barcelona. London: Routledge. (pp. 151-159).
Session 18: Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Session 19: Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Session 20: Urban form through time, in America IV, Recent developments in USA.
Required Reading: Shibley, Robert G. (1998). The Complete New Urbanism and the Partial Practices of Placemaking. Utopian Studies, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp 80-91. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 21: Public Places today. General discussion on visited cities. Student/teams by cities.
Description of places and Life Open discussion.
Required Reading: Hillman, Mayer. (2002). In favor of Compact Cities. In M. Jenks, E. Burton & K. Williams, TheCompact City. London, UK: Spon Press. (pp. 36-43).
Kostof, Spiro, Castillo, G. & Tobias, R. (1992). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form
Through History. Boston, USA: Bulfinch Press. (pp. 172-187).
Session 22: Debate
Public places in European cities versus public places in American cities.
Session 23: The Forum. Barcelona latest urban proposal and 2004 Forum of the Cultures world event. A huge real estate operation.
Required Readings: Cohn, David. (2004). A new event, the Universal Forum of Cultures, helps Barcelona transform an ailing district, Architectural Record, Vol. 192 Issue 6, p109-114. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 24: Final Project due. Final comments and conclusions.
Final Exam
Required readings:
Busquets, Joan. (2006). The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 89-93, 248-258).
Curtis, William J.R. (1986). Le Corbusier. Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli. (pp. 7-8, 60-66).
Cohn, David. (2004). A new event, the Universal Forum of Cultures, helps Barcelona transform an ailing district, Architectural Record, Vol. 192 Issue 6, p109-114. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors. (pp. 18-20, 79-83).
Frampton, Kenneth. (1980). Modern Architecture a critical history. London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd. (pp. 20-28).
Hillman, Mayer. (2002). In favor of Compact Cities. In M. Jenks, E. Burton & K. Williams, The Compact City. London, UK: Spon Press. (pp. 36-43).
Journal of Architecture. (1999). The Royal Gold Medal 1999: the City of Barcelona. Vol. 4 Issue 3, 229-244. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Kostof, Spiro, Castillo, G. & Tobias, R. (1992). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History. Boston, USA: Bulfinch Press. (pp. 172-187).
Lynch, Kevin. (1991). City Sense and City Design. Writings and projects. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press. (pp. 468-475).
Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 8-18, 92-103, 157-168, 191-197, 248-252, 261-265, 321-329, 330-356).
Shibley, Robert G.. The Complete New Urbanism and the Partial Practices of Placemaking. Utopian Studies, 1998, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp p80-91. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 18-35, 38-66, 278-309).
Yoke-Sum, Wong. (2008). Modernism's Love Child. Common Knowledge, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p445-472. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Recommended readings:
Balibrea, Mari Paz. (2001)Urbanism, culture and the post-industrial city: challenging the 'Barcelona model' Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, Sep2001, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p187-210. EBSCOhost.
Curran, Raymond J. (1983). Architecture and the urban experience. N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (2004). The wisdom of cities. Architecture, Place, Community, Neighborhood, Identity, Planning and Values. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors.
Deitrick, Sabina; Ellis, Cliff. Journal of the American Planning Association, Autumn2004, Vol. 70 Issue 4, p426-442. EBSCOhost.
Hebbert, Michael. Town planning versus urbanismo. Planning Perspectives, Jul2006, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p233-251. EBSCOhost.
Hinshaw, Mark.. (2005) The case for true urbanism, Planning, J, Vol. 71 Issue 6, p24-27. EBSCOhost.
Jacobs, Jane. (1993). Downtown is for People. University of California Press, USA: Berkley.
McNeill, Donald. Barcelona as imagined community: Pasqual Maragall’s spaces of engagement. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2001, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p340, 13p. Mumford, Eric. (2000). The CIAM discourse on urbanism 1928-1960. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Mumford, Lewis.(1938)The culture of cities. Mariner Books (October 21, 1970)
Reps, John W. (1965). The making of Urban America. History of city planning in the United States. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
Smith, Andrew. Conceptualizing City Image Change: The ‘Re-Imaging’ of BarcelonaTourism Geographies, Nov2005, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p398-423. EBSCOhost
The City As A Place To Live: The Barcelona Experience
To live our city means to expand the limits of our homes. To understand this concept we will study public spaces and the importance of their form and qualities to help us feel as one with the city. The course will focus on the characteristics of different public spaces and the activities that take place in them. Throughout the study in time of city urban development and its public spaces in both Europe and America we will distinguish the advantages of each. Barcelona will serve as case of study for the European perspective.
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies. Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be rescheduled in cases of documented medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter grade will be deducted from the final grade for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result in a failing grade.
By the end of the course, students are able to:
• Recognize the more relevant urban features of both European (with Barcelona as specific case) and
American contexts.
• Distinguish the historical layers in both European and American urban form process.
• Increase their understanding of cities as urban/public places and the way people live in them.
• To identify and contrast Barcelona’s public places with the public places of theirs own cities.
• Understand layouts and maps so that, they manage to orient themselves in a building or city.
Lectures and class debates: The lectures provide the theoretical content of the sessions together with the adequate visual support. Class discussions facilitate the students’ ability to relate readings and lectures, analyzing or applying concepts.
Field studies: Guided and self guided visits to significant city areas related to the content of the course such as Barri Gotic, Eixample, Barceloneta. Each student must complete a field journal relating the four field study visits. The Forum area will be a self guided field study. (A guide will be provided)
Student Presentations: Each student will make a presentation based on their own research of three
Barcelona´s Public places. These public places together with those cover in field studies routes will make up an extensive list of possible eligible Public places for their Final project.
Class Participation: Students are expected to participate in class discussions and in other activities
related with the course contents and readings.
LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATION: English
: Mid-term exam (25%); field journals (15%);
homework (15%); final project (25%); class participation (20%)
• MID-TERM EXAM: Based on the contents of the course and will consist of short and essay-like
questions (25%). After mid term, quizzes or take home exams could take place and will be considered as part of student participation
• JOURNALS: Students will write a journal about field studies and self-guided visits describing the public places of the route, its qualities and activities, together with theirs personal impressions in both on-site classes and self-guided ones (15%)
• HOMEWORK: Reading Questions should be answer for each session, together with some other assignments intended to improve student’s capacity of observation, environmental qualities and city life. After Midterm students will form groups to do the Barcelona’s Public Places Project, and make an individual presentation of their findings to the class. (15%)
• FINAL PROJECT: After mid-term the students will choose a specific public place or area in Barcelona, and start a research on the selected place. The findings of this investigation will be part of the Final Project. This project will be developed as an article for a travel specialize publication keeping in mind that the main theme of the course is the public places and their social life. The article will be about one specific public place of Barcelona selected by the student. The selected place should be analyzed and described in detail, so that theirs reader's are able to experience and understand the place and its life. The article must be at list 5 pages long (25%)
• CLASS PARTICIPATION: (20%)
Session 1: General overview of the course.
Session 2: The idea of Public Realm. City stability. Models of social life. Review of urban design concepts.
Required Reading: Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). The public Realm and the good city. In Suzanne H. Crowhurst Lennard, Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors. (pp.
79-83).
Session 3: The compact city, mixed uses and well defined public places as centers of community life. New Urbanism principles. City & drawings.
Required Reading: Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). Seven aims for the livable City. In Suzanne H. Crowhurst Lennard, Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard & Crowhurst Editors. (pp. 18-20).
Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (2004). Principles of True Urbanism. Available online at:
http://www.livablecities.org/articles/principles-true-urbanism [2]
Session 4: Field Study I: Public places in Barcelona’s Gothic Quarter; The Ramblas, Plaza
Real, St Jaume, St Felipe Neri among others.
Required Reading: Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 18-35, 38-66).
Session 5: Urban form through time. Europe I: Urban morphology in early cities. Determinants.
The Barcino.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 8-18)
Session 6: Urban form through time, in Europe II The medieval Urban form; its legacy in Barcelona
city shape.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 92-103).
Session 7: Urban form through time, in Europe III The urban form in the European Renaissance. Italy, France and the Royal Places. London Residential Square
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 157-168, 191-197, 248-252, 261-265).
Session 8: Field study II: The Example. The Barcelona extension, and its emblematic urban form. A hundred years of the Cerdà’s Plan.
Required Reading: Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 278-309).
Session 9: Urban form through time, in Europe VI 19th century reforms and expansions. The Industrial City. Baron Haussman’s & Cerdá legacy.
Required Reading: Frampton, Kenneth. (1980). Modern Architecture a critical history. London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd. (pp. 20-28).
Session 10: Urban form through time, in Europe V The Modern’s City. Le Corbusier. New buildings types & zoning. Leo Krier and his critical perspective
Required Reading: Curtis, William J.R. (1986). Le Corbusier. Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli. (pp. 7-8, 60-66). Busquets, Joan. (2006). The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 248-258).
Session 11: Midterm exam
Session 12: The Barcelona experience. Making your way in the city. Different historical times
and layouts. Barcelona’s memorable places.
Required Reading: Lynch, Kevin. (1991). City Sense and City Design. Writings and projects. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press. (pp. 468-475).
Session 13: Field study III : The Barceloneta. Past and present. 1992 Olympic games. The Waterfront the new seaside landscape.
Required Reading: Busquets, Joan. (2006). The city of Barceloneta. In Joan Busquets, The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 89-93).
Journal of Architecture. (1999). The Royal Gold Medal 1999: the City of Barcelona. Vol. 4 Issue
3, 229-244. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 14: Urban form through time, in America I Architectural and urban heritage in America, first cities and its urban form.
Required Reading: Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 321-329).
Session 15: Urban form through time, in America II. The evolution of urban morphology from the foundations through 19th America.
Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 330-356).
Session 16: Urban form through time, in America III. 20th century. CIAM, impact of modern movement ideas in USA. Zoning Consequences in the American City. Yoke-Sum, Wong. (2008). Modernism's Love Child. Common Knowledge, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p445-464. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 17: Public places in Barcelona 1980-2000
Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Required Reading: Marshall, Tim. Benach, Nuria (2004). Transforming Barcelona. London: Routledge. (pp. 151-159).
Session 18: Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Session 19: Barcelona’s Public Places Project. Students presentations.
Session 20: Urban form through time, in America IV, Recent developments in USA.
Required Reading: Shibley, Robert G. (1998). The Complete New Urbanism and the Partial Practices of Placemaking. Utopian Studies, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp 80-91. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 21: Public Places today. General discussion on visited cities. Student/teams by cities.
Description of places and Life Open discussion.
Required Reading: Hillman, Mayer. (2002). In favor of Compact Cities. In M. Jenks, E. Burton & K. Williams, TheCompact City. London, UK: Spon Press. (pp. 36-43).
Kostof, Spiro, Castillo, G. & Tobias, R. (1992). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form
Through History. Boston, USA: Bulfinch Press. (pp. 172-187).
Session 22: Debate
Public places in European cities versus public places in American cities.
Session 23: The Forum. Barcelona latest urban proposal and 2004 Forum of the Cultures world event. A huge real estate operation.
Required Readings: Cohn, David. (2004). A new event, the Universal Forum of Cultures, helps Barcelona transform an ailing district, Architectural Record, Vol. 192 Issue 6, p109-114. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Session 24: Final Project due. Final comments and conclusions.
Final Exam
Busquets, Joan. (2006). The urban evolution of a compact city. Barcelona: Actar. (pp. 89-93, 248-258).
Curtis, William J.R. (1986). Le Corbusier. Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli. (pp. 7-8, 60-66).
Cohn, David. (2004). A new event, the Universal Forum of Cultures, helps Barcelona transform an ailing district, Architectural Record, Vol. 192 Issue 6, p109-114. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (1997). Making cities livable. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors. (pp. 18-20, 79-83).
Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (2004). Principles of True Urbanism. Available online at: http://www.livablecities.org/articles/principles-true-urbanism [2]
Frampton, Kenneth. (1980). Modern Architecture a critical history. London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd. (pp. 20-28).
Hillman, Mayer. (2002). In favor of Compact Cities. In M. Jenks, E. Burton & K. Williams, The Compact City. London, UK: Spon Press. (pp. 36-43).
Journal of Architecture. (1999). The Royal Gold Medal 1999: the City of Barcelona. Vol. 4 Issue 3, 229-244. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Kostof, Spiro, Castillo, G. & Tobias, R. (1992). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History. Boston, USA: Bulfinch Press. (pp. 172-187).
Lynch, Kevin. (1991). City Sense and City Design. Writings and projects. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press. (pp. 468-475).
Marshall, Tim. Benach, Nuria. (2004). Transforming Barcelona. London: Routledge. (pp. 151-159).
Morris, A.E.J. (1994). History of Urban Form, before the Industrial Revolutions. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall. (pp. 8-18, 92-103, 157-168, 191-197, 248-252, 261-265, 321-329, 330-356).
Shibley, Robert G.. The Complete New Urbanism and the Partial Practices of Placemaking. Utopian Studies, 1998, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp p80-91. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Solà-Morales, Manuel de. (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona. Barcelona: COAC, Col•legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. (pp. 18-35, 38-66, 278-309).
Yoke-Sum, Wong. (2008). Modernism's Love Child. Common Knowledge, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p445-472. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Balibrea, Mari Paz. (2001)Urbanism, culture and the post-industrial city: challenging the 'Barcelona model' Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, Sep2001, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p187-210. EBSCOhost.
Curran, Raymond J. (1983). Architecture and the urban experience. N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Crowhurst Lennard, Suzanne H. (2004). The wisdom of cities. Architecture, Place, Community, Neighborhood, Identity, Planning and Values. Carmel, USA: Lennard&Crowhurst Editors.
Deitrick, Sabina; Ellis, Cliff. Journal of the American Planning Association, Autumn2004, Vol. 70 Issue 4, p426-442. EBSCOhost.
Hebbert, Michael. Town planning versus urbanismo. Planning Perspectives, Jul2006, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p233-251. EBSCOhost.
Hinshaw, Mark.. (2005) The case for true urbanism, Planning, J, Vol. 71 Issue 6, p24-27. EBSCOhost.
Jacobs, Jane. (1993). Downtown is for People. University of California Press, USA: Berkley.
Krier, Leon. (1978). Rational - Architecture / Rationnelle. Brussels, Belgium: Archives d'Architecture Moderne. (Bilingual French/English text).
Lynch, Kevin (1960). The Image of the City. A Theory of good city form. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: The MIT Press.
Le Courbusier, Cities of tomorrow and its Planing,(1929), translation Frederick Etchells, Dover Publications (1987)
Mateo, Josep Lluís (Ed.) (1996). Contemporary Barcelona, 1856-1999. Barcelona, Spain: CCCB.
McNeill, Donald. Barcelona as imagined community: Pasqual Maragall’s spaces of engagement. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2001, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p340, 13p. Mumford, Eric. (2000). The CIAM discourse on urbanism 1928-1960. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Mumford, Lewis.(1938)The culture of cities. Mariner Books (October 21, 1970)
Reps, John W. (1965). The making of Urban America. History of city planning in the United States. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
Smith, Andrew. Conceptualizing City Image Change: The ‘Re-Imaging’ of BarcelonaTourism Geographies, Nov2005, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p398-423. EBSCOhost
Vázquez Montalbán, Manuel. (1992). Barcelonas. London, UK: Verso.