The purpose of the course is to explore the evolution of the U.S. - North Africa relations, and to examine the challenges confronting the future of these relationships in post 9-11 era. The course will cover the main critical issues including U.S. and the Western Sahara conflict, the war on Terror, trade policy and oil investments, Democracy promotion, the Middle East tensions and the U.S. policy in the Maghreb, Anti-Americanism. Also the course will address the interaction between international actors and the regional politics.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
To understand the main factor that shapes the evolution of the US-North Africa relations.
To address the goals dominate the U.S. foreign policy in the region and to discuss the interaction between these goals and the interests of the countries of North Africa.
To examine the main trends of divergence and convergence of North african countries in their relations with the U.S.
To learn how to evaluate the U.S. foreign policy toward North Africa, and to understand the interaction between different actors in the foreign policy-making in U.S. and how it influences the policy toward North Africa.
To compare the role of the U.S. in North Africa with other International actors.
Method of presentation:
Lectures, Discussions, and Student Presentations, case studies, field visits to political organizations and state institutions.
Required work and form of assessment:
Attendance & Presentations (20%); Mid-term exam (25%); Mid-term paper (10-15 pages) (15%); Final term paper (10-15 pages) (15%); Final exam (25%).
content:
Week 1: History of U.S. - North African Relation
Introduction to the course: Organization (weekly planning, exams calendar, grades policy, term papers and final schedule);
Method & Major Themes
Brief history of the U.S. North African Relations: before the Second World War and during the cold world War
Gallagher, Charles F. The United States and North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.
Parker, Richard Bordeaux Uncle Sam in Barbary: a diplomatic history Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, c2004.
Bender Gerald J. and al., eds. African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
Hall, Luella J. The United States and Morocco, 1776-1956 Metuchen, N.J., Scarecrow Press, 1971.
Bamby, H. G. The prisoners of Algiers: an account of the forgotten American-Algerian war 1785-1797, London, New York [etc.] Oxford U. P., 1966.
Week 2: The History of U.S. - North African relation
Post cold world era and the age of globalization
Spencer, Claire. The Maghreb in the 1990s: political and economic developments in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, London: Brassey's for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1993.
Yahia H. Zoubir and Stephen Zunes "United States policy in the Maghreb" in North Africa in transition: state, society, and economic transformation in the 1990s edited by Yahia H. Zoubir ; foreword by William B. Quandt, Gainesville : University Press of Florida, c1999.
Week 3: Decision making processes of U.S. Foreign policy toward North Africa
The Administration
The role of congress and lobby groups.
Hamilton, Lee H. "The Making of US Foreign Policy: The Roles of the President and Congress over Four Decades" in Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations Ed. James A. Thurber Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005.
Layachi, Azzedine The United States and North Africa: A. Cognitive Approach to Foreign Policy, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1990.
Tony, SMITH Foreign Attachments: The Power of Ethnic Groups in the Making of American Foreign Policy Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2000.
Kalpakian, Jack "Managing Morocco's image in United States domestic politics" The Journal of North African Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2006 , Pp. 55 – 69.
Week 4: The political aspect: U.S. Democracy promotion and North Africa
Diplomatic and Political issues
Human Right and Democracy issues
The Mediterranean dimension
The African dimension
Zartman, I. William "The international politics of democracy in North Africa" in Islam, democracy, and the state in North Africa, edited by John P. Entelis, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Potomac Institute for Policy Studies and the Conflict Management Program - The Johns Hopkins University (SAIS) Why the Maghreb Matters: Threats, Opportunities, and Options for Effective American Engagement in North Africa, North Africa Policy Paper Project, Co‐Chairs by Ambassador Stuart Eizenstatd and I. William Zartman, MARCH 2009, ARLINGTON, VA.
Joffe, George "European Policy and the Southern Mediterranean" in North Africa: politics, region, and the limits of transformation, edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Haizam Amirah-Fernandez; foreword by William B. Quandt. London & New York: Routledge, 2008.
Zoubir, Yahia H. "United States, Islamism, Terrorism, and Democracy in the Maghreb: The Predominance of Security?" in North Africa: politics, region, and the limits of transformation, edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Haizam Amirah-Fernandez; foreword by William B. Quandt. London; New York : Routledge, 2008. Chapter 13.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. policy challenges in North Africa : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, June 6, 2007.Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
United States Congress House, Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations. Human rights in the Maghreb and Mauritania, hearing before the Subcommittees on Human Rights and International Organizations and on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, June 19, 1991, Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
Carothers, Thomas. The Clinton Record on Democracy Promotion Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000.
Week 5: The economic aspect: U.S. economy policy and North Africa
The oil dimension
The free trade dimension
Colton, Nora Ann "The Maghrebi economies as emerging markets?" in North Africa in transition: state, society, and economic transformation in the 1990s edited by Yahia H. Zoubir; foreword by William B. Quandt, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.
Layachi, Azzedine The United States and North Africa: A. Cognitive Approach to Foreign Policy, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1990, Chap.4.
Chorev, Nitsan Remaking U.S. trade policy: from protectionism to globalization Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2007.
Cammett, Melani Claire Globalization and business politics in Arab North Africa: a comparative perspective New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Cordesman, Anthony H. The Geopolitics and Security Dimensions of Middle Eastern and North African Energy Exports, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2004
Week 6: Security and Terrorism and U.S. - North Africa relations
National and Regional counterterrorism initiatives.
Security and Arms Control in North Africa Post 9/11 agenda: Sahel, and AQIM
Institute for National Strategic Studies. The pending crisis in North Africa, Washington, D.C.: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 1994.
Lesser, Ian O Security in North Africa: internal and external challenges, Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1993.
Volman, Daniel "Foreign arms sales and the military balance" in the Maghreb: in North Africa in transition : state, society, and economic transformation in the 1990s edited by Yahia H. Zoubir ; foreword by William B. Quandt. Publisher: Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.
Dris, Cherif "Rethinking Maghrebi Security: The Challenge of Multilateralism" in North Africa: politics, region, and the limits of transformation, edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Haizam Amirah-Fernandez; foreword by William B. Quandt. London; New York: Routledge, 2008. Chaptre12.
Henry, Clement M. "Reverberations in the Central Maghreb of the "Global War on Terror"" in North Africa: politics, region, and the limits of transformation, edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Haizam Amirah- Fernandez; foreword by William B. Quandt, London ; New York : Routledge, 2008. Chapter 14
Alexis Arieff. U.S.-Algerian Security Cooperation and Regional Counterterrorism in Maghreb Facing New Global Challenges. Note de l’IFRI. July 2011
Week 7: Mid-Term Break
Week 8: Islamism and U.S. Foreign policy in North Africa
Carothers, Thomas and Marina Ottaway (Ed.) Uncharted Journey: Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.
Hibbard, Scott W. and David Little Islamic Activism and U.S. Foreign Policy Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1997.
Eickelman, Dale F. "Muslim politics: the prospects for democracy in North Africa and the Middle East" in Islam, democracy, and the state in North Africa, edited by John P. Entelis, Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1997.
Abdessamad Ait Dada Richard van Schaik. “ Islamism and the Moroccan Arab Spring” Final Research report in January 2012 at Nederlands Instituut Marokko. Minor Social Studies Of Morocco
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa, Recent developments in North Africa, hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, September 28, 1994, Washington : U.S. G.P.O, 1995.
Week 9:U.S. and the conflict of Western Sahara
Bilateral dimension
Multilateral dimension
United States. Congress House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. policy toward the Conflict in the Western Sahara : report of a staff study mission to Morocco, Algeria, the Western Sahara, and France, August 25-September 6, 1982 to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1983.
Damis, John Conflict in Northwest Africa: The Western Sahara Dispute, Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1983.
Zunes, Stephen "The United States in the Saharan War: A Case of Low-Intensity Intervention" in International Dimensions of the Western Sahara Conflict Edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Daniel Volman , Foreword by Mervyn M. Dymally, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1993
Parker, Richard B. "U.S. Strategic Interests and the War in the Western Sahara" " in International Dimensions of the Western Sahara Conflict Edited by Yahia H. Zoubir and Daniel Volman , Foreword by Mervyn M. Dymally, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1993.
J. Peter Pham (2010). Not Another Failed State: Toward a Realistic Solution in the Western Sahara, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 1:1, 1-24
Week 10: Public Opinion, Anti-Americanism and U.S. North African relations
Jürgen, Theodor; Hanf, and Eva Manske (Eds.).U.S. Foreign Policy Toward the Third World: Rüland a post-Cold War Assessment, Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2006.
Zoubir, Yahia H. and Louisa At-hamadouche "Anti-Americanism in North Africa: Could state relations overcome popular resentment?" in The Journal of North African Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1 March 2006 , Pp. 35 – 54.
Week 11: Case study: Morocco and Tunisia
Migdalovitz, Carol Morocco: Current Issues CRS Report for Congress, RS21579, Congressional Research Service , Washington, DC: The Library of Congress, 2006.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Implementation of the United States- Morocco Free Trade Agreement : hearing before the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, July 7, 2004.Washington: U.S. G.P.O.,2005.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act: report (to accompany S. 2677) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Report; 108-317. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2004
The Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives. A Review of the political, economic, and security situation in Tunisia : implications for U.S. policy : report of a staff study mission to Tunisia and France, November 17-22, 1986, to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
Kalpakian, Jack "Managing Morocco's image in United States domestic politics" The Journal of North African Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2006 , Pp. 55 – 69.
Malka, Haim and Jon B. Alterman Arab Reform and Foreign Aid: lessons from Morocco, Washington, D.C.: CSIS Press, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2006.
Week 12: Case study: Algeria and Mauritania
Aghrout, Ahmed with Redha M. Bougherira Algeria in Transition: reforms and Development Prospects foreword by John Keiger, London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge Curzon, 2004.
Pierre, Andrew J. and William B. Quandt The Algerian crisis: policy options for the West Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace : Distributed by the Brookings Institution, 1996.
United States. Congress House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Africa. The crisis in Algeria : hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, March 22, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.
Carol Migdalovitz. Algeria in crisis: democracy, Islamism, and implications for U.S. policy Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.
Week 13: Case study: Libya
Matar, Khalil I and Robert W. Thabit., Lockerbie and Libya: a study in international relations Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., c2004.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Libya, next steps in U.S. relations: hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, February 26, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, human rights and the future of U.S.-Libyan relations : hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, March 10, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
St. John, Ronald Bruce Libya and the United States: two centuries of strife Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, c2002.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs U.S. foreign policy toward Libya: hearing before the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, May 4, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
Haass, Richard N. "Sanctioning Madness" in American Foreign Policy: Cases and Choices New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2001.
Week14:The Middle East Crisis and their impact on U.S. North African policy
The Israeli Palestinian conflict
The Iraq war The Arab Spring
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan Globalization and geopolitics in the Middle East: old games, new rules, London; New York: Routledge, 2007.
Ottaway, Marina and Nathan J. Brown, Amr Hamzawy, Karim Sadjadpour, Paul Salem, The New Middle East, Washington :Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 2008
European Policy Center. Report on The Arab Spring one year after - Challenges, prospects and strategies for change. 2012
Week 15: Final Exam
Brief Biography of Instructor:
Expert in Crisis Management and Strategic Studies
Director of the African Center for Asian Studies
Distinguished Professor at Sapporo Gakuin University
Lecturer at Mohammed V-Agdal University
1997. Ph.D in International and Areal Studies, University of Tokyo.
Career:
1997-1998: Research assistant at the University of Tokyo
1998, Post Doctoral Fellow, University of Tohoku, School of International Studies. Japan
1999-2000, Visiting Professor, CIS, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. USA
1990-2002, Senior Analyst at Emirates Center for Strategic studies and Research. Abou Dhabi. UAE
2002-2005: Professor and vice director of the Institute of International Relations. Hagoromo University. Osaka. Japan
2005- : President of Asia-Middle East media Project. Tokyo.
2008- : Distinguished Professor at the Faculty of Law at Sapporo Gakuin University
2008- : Lecturer at the University of Mohammed V
2010- : Director of the African Center for Asian Studies
The U.S. and North Africa
The purpose of the course is to explore the evolution of the U.S. - North Africa relations, and to examine the challenges confronting the future of these relationships in post 9-11 era. The course will cover the main critical issues including U.S. and the Western Sahara conflict, the war on Terror, trade policy and oil investments, Democracy promotion, the Middle East tensions and the U.S. policy in the Maghreb, Anti-Americanism. Also the course will address the interaction between international actors and the regional politics.
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Lectures, Discussions, and Student Presentations, case studies, field visits to political organizations and state institutions.
Attendance & Presentations (20%); Mid-term exam (25%); Mid-term paper (10-15 pages) (15%); Final term paper (10-15 pages) (15%); Final exam (25%).
Week 1: History of U.S. - North African Relation
Introduction to the course: Organization (weekly planning, exams calendar, grades policy, term papers and final schedule);
Method & Major Themes
Brief history of the U.S. North African Relations: before the Second World War and during the cold world War
Week 2: The History of U.S. - North African relation
Post cold world era and the age of globalization
Week 3: Decision making processes of U.S. Foreign policy toward North Africa
The Administration
The role of congress and lobby groups.
Week 4: The political aspect: U.S. Democracy promotion and North Africa
Diplomatic and Political issues
Human Right and Democracy issues
The Mediterranean dimension
The African dimension
Week 5: The economic aspect: U.S. economy policy and North Africa
The oil dimension
The free trade dimension
Week 6: Security and Terrorism and U.S. - North Africa relations
National and Regional counterterrorism initiatives.
Security and Arms Control in North Africa
Post 9/11 agenda: Sahel, and AQIM
Week 7: Mid-Term Break
Week 8: Islamism and U.S. Foreign policy in North Africa
Week 9: U.S. and the conflict of Western Sahara
Bilateral dimension
Multilateral dimension
Week 10: Public Opinion, Anti-Americanism and U.S. North African relations
Week 11: Case study: Morocco and Tunisia
Week 12: Case study: Algeria and Mauritania
Week 13: Case study: Libya
Week14: The Middle East Crisis and their impact on U.S. North African policy
The Israeli Palestinian conflict
The Iraq war
The Arab Spring
Week 15: Final Exam
Expert in Crisis Management and Strategic Studies
Director of the African Center for Asian Studies
Distinguished Professor at Sapporo Gakuin University
Lecturer at Mohammed V-Agdal University
1997. Ph.D in International and Areal Studies, University of Tokyo.
Career:
1997-1998: Research assistant at the University of Tokyo
1998, Post Doctoral Fellow, University of Tohoku, School of International Studies. Japan
1999-2000, Visiting Professor, CIS, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. USA
1990-2002, Senior Analyst at Emirates Center for Strategic studies and Research. Abou Dhabi. UAE
2002-2005: Professor and vice director of the Institute of International Relations. Hagoromo University. Osaka. Japan
2005- : President of Asia-Middle East media Project. Tokyo.
2008- : Distinguished Professor at the Faculty of Law at Sapporo Gakuin University
2008- : Lecturer at the University of Mohammed V
2010- : Director of the African Center for Asian Studies