This seminar aims at providing an introduction to the main concepts in contemporary security studies, so as to propose a framework for understanding key aspects in crisis management. Security used to be conceptualized within the narrow frame of state security and international relations, but approaches in terms of new security threats have profoundly changed these assumptions. Nowadays, issues related to threats posed by non-state actors such as terrorist groups or global challenges linked to transnational politics and economics are high on the security agenda, blurring the difference between home security and protection from external threats. Security also goes beyond approaches focusing on the menace posited by an enemy to incorporate food security and environmental security in a context marked by an increased concern for sustainable development and the interdependency of economies. Yet this extension of the concept of security has led to fierce debates within the field of security studies, leading to contrasted and conflictive accounts of what security is and what are the main threats that should be tackled by security policies – the possibility of war or more general and pervasive situations of insecurity? The dangers posited by rebellious actors or the risks associated with public policies? The course will be attentive to mapping these various positions and to showing how they contribute to the constant rejuvenation of security studies.
We will link this introduction to contemporary trends in security issues to the specific phenomena of growing cultural diversity, which resulted from the contemporary process of globalization. We live in increasingly diverse societies where global and local politics interplay in ways that multiply sources of tensions. Specific security issues, such as transnational terrorism and transnational criminal networks have been explicitly linked by some commentators to problems generated by cultural diversity or to a failure of multiculturalist policies. Yet others have noticed that increased cultural diversity creates an opportunity for better intercultural dialogue and for the rise of new security actors and tools: a more thorough understanding and recognition of cultural diversity would then lead to more efficient approaches to the concrete conditions of human security. Without taking sides, this course will aim at examining this growing connection between security and multiculturalism, either by looking at theories and practices which effectively stretch across both or by mainstreaming multicultural approaches into security studies. What are these new security issues linked to cultural diversity and multiculturalism? How do they materialize in situations of crises? What are the tools used by state and non-state actors to manage these crises and what are the ethical and legal issues induced by them?
Not only will this seminar aim at answering these questions, it will also introduce students to the topic of crisis management by giving them tools to identify the crisis, analyze its key features and the strategic as well as operational issues linked to it. Far from adopting a “one-size-fits-all” approach to security studies, which tends to apply concepts and practices elaborated in the US everywhere in the world, the seminar will underline key European perspectives to security, which shall lead students to an increased awareness of intercultural issues in transnational security management.
Prerequisites:
Recommended for students with previous knowledge of international relations and current affairs
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course students will be able to:
Understand the key theories of security studies and crisis management and how they relate to multicultural environments;
Map the field of security studies and policies and understand why it is subjected to much internal and external critique;
Appropriate key tools in crisis management and peace-building and adapt them to specific situations through role-playing games and in-class workshops based on concrete examples;
Identify ethical issues linked to security and crisis management in multicultural settings (for instance around the role of International Governmental Organizations or the place of ethnicity in contemporary security policies)
Step outside their own cultural representations in order to be able to understand culturally grounded notions of security as well as the point of view of culturally diverse actors, and integrate them into a comprehensive analysis.
Method of presentation:
Lectures, discussions on assigned readings, in-class workshops on empirical material, presentations.
Class 1: Course Introduction: What do we mean by security? Why should we tie it to multiculturalism?
In this general introduction to the class, we shall browse over the changing definitions of the concept of security according to geopolitical and cultural environments, especially in the context of globalization. Recent conceptualizations of security issues point to cultural diversity as both the context in which security must be thought in pluralist democracies as well as positing new security challenges.
Class 2: Classical Approaches to Security Studies
In this overview of classical approaches to security studies based on International Relations theory, we shall focus on realist theory: its main concepts and how it has dominated reflections on security in IR during the Cold War. We will then examine the liberal democratic peace thesis, and conclude how both of them have placed the emphasis on the role of states in bringing about security or war.
• Readings: SS chapters 2 and 3
Class 3: Critical Angles in Security Studies
Based on the critique of the first two classical approaches, constructivist and critical theories have led to a renewal of security studies. They have focused their criticisms on the centrality of the state as the main actor of security, and showed that classical approaches were fraud with ethnocentrism and essentialism, and failed to address the increased complexity of the post-Cold War world.
• Readings: SS chapters 5 and 7
Section I: Key Security Issues in a Globalized Society
Class 4: Globalization and Conflicts
Globalization (economic, political, cultural) is often said to create new conflicts or to lead to conflict escalation of old ones, through the rise of transnational economic and political actors such as transnational corporations, diaspora networks or supra-national political movements. New security actors such as private security corporations also thrive on the increased mobility of capital and personnel. However, some authors point to the fact that globalization also provides new opportunities for conflict mitigation and new definitions of peace, through new International Governmental Organizations and the development of supra-national law and governance, as well as the advent of a cosmopolitan civil society.
• Readings: SS chapter 10
CCR chapter 4
Class 5: Human Security: Content and Threats
The notion of human security today is central in security studies, thereby indicating a broadening of the concept of security and of the scope and beneficiaries of security policies. Human security shifts the focus away from the centrality of the rule of law to the liveliness of people affected by various insecurities: economic, environmental, health-related, cultural. In this way it is tied to cultural diversity and its protection.
• Readings: SS chapter 16
Class 6: Poverty, Conflicts and Security
There is today a consensus around the idea that poverty is a key factor in the escalation and prolongation of conflicts, firstly because socio-economic tensions are a root cause of many conflicts, secondly because conflicts are a major cause of the impoverishment of populations and thereby sustain war-based economies. This leads to economic approaches to security being reinforced.
• Readings: SS chapter 17
Class 7: Ethnic Conflicts, Minorities and Diasporas
Minorities and diasporas are key actors in community conflicts usually associated with conflict escalation: ethnicity is today placed at the centre of conflict analysis. Ethnic groups may contribute to making localized conflicts more global by channelling resources into them but also, on the side of peace mobilizations, by raising awareness about human rights violations and lobbying for foreign policy change in their host country. Ethnic political organizations are also at the forefront of multicultural policies, which may increase their capacity to take an active interest in distant conflicts in the homeland.
• Readings: SS chapters 14 and 31
Class 8: Terrorism and Transnational Networks
Today’s most discussed actors in security studies are transnational terrorist networks. Yet their very definition is complex and disputed, as well as their links with other political actors. We will aim at delimitating the study of terrorism within contemporary security studies and polices and at examining how terrorism is related to the cultural diversity characteristic of globalized societies.
• Readings: SS chapter 12
CCR chapter 3
Class 9: Transnational Crime and Conflicts
When discussing “rogue” aspects of the globalization process, transnational crime is often mentioned – including smuggling and trafficking, piracy, etc., sometimes performed by diasporic actors who will therefore be blamed for importing crime into host countries. We shall examine how transnational crime does not only contribute to conflict escalation, it also stems from processes of conflict decomposition, which create new security threats.
• Readings: SS chapter 30
Class 10: Preparation to the Mid-term Exams
Students are invited to review the first chapters and sessions and to highlight any question which may come up.
Class 11: Mid-Term Exam
Class 12: Conclusion to Section I: Gender and Conflicts
Gender is a dimension which is increasingly taken into account in conflict analysis and security theory. This approach not only entails a gendered analysis of violence and victimization, it also examines how gender relations can be at the root cause of deadly conflicts. Gender relations are also increasingly placed at the centre of critical accounts of multiculturalism and cultural diversity, and contribute to new conceptualizations of security.
• Readings: SS chapter 8
CCR chapter 12
Section II: Multiculturalism and security issues and tools
Class 13: Measuring Insecurity: An Issue for Security Policies - In-class workshop
Measurements of insecurity have been much debated in multicultural societies. They can be quantitative or qualitative, try to be objective or to incorporate the actors’ subjective perceptions into them, stick to strict notions of universalism or incorporate culturally-sensitive elements into them. The workshop will allow students to compare different systems measuring insecurity.
Class 14: Correction of the Exams
This session offers students a possibility to discuss their difficulties precisely and to design strategies for overcoming them.
Class 15: Early Warning and Foresight
Early warning is a key tool for security management, as it is meant to prompt a timely and efficient response. We will examine the key principles behind the Early Warning and foresight of humanitarian emergencies and conflicts, and see how they are enacted in various Early Warning Systems, as well their policy outcomes.
• Readings: CCR chapter 5
Class 16: Recent Trends in European Security Policies and Security Policy Analysis
This session is aimed at preparing students for the field trip in Brussels. We shall examine the origins and scope of contemporary security policies, both of the EU and of contrasted case studies within the EU. The aims, means and evaluation of security policies will be examined in a context increasingly marked by discussions of cultural diversity – its protection and its policing.
• Readings: SS chapter 9
Class 17: Field trip: European Approaches to Security
Field trip to Brussels. Based on a field visit of the European Commission, it will allow students to grasp European discourses on global security and reflect on new directions taken by security policies. Of utmost interests will be the opportunities and constraints identified by European policymakers in the field of security.
• Readings: Policy documents
Class 18: Crisis Management and Early Response - In-class workshop
Crisis management has been a rapidly developing field within security policies and is increasingly addressed by security studies. Developing a timely and effective early response depends on strategic interactions between various actors. Based on an in-class role-playing game, we will examine approaches in crisis management and their major achievements and shortcomings.
Class 19: Patterns of Peace Operations and Peacekeeping
Military peace interventions are today very much subjected to criticism, even though they are increasingly legitimized by discourses on humanitarian interventions, among others. What are the conditions leading to the launching of such operations, and what debates exist with regards to their legitimacy and their efficiency? How are their results being evaluated and how does peacekeeping prepare the conditions for peace or fail to do so?
• Readings: SS chapter 27
CCR chapter 6
Class 20: Peace-building Between Securitization and Democratization
Building peace in the immediate aftermath of a violent conflict is today understood as a multi-faceted intervention, which includes restoring security in the area, building sustainable institutions and the conditions for economic prosperity. Yet contemporary debates on democratization schemes point at their numerous shortcomings: they project categories elaborated in Western contexts upon non-Western ones; they fail to take into account the complexity of the local situation and especially its cultural diversity.
• Readings: SS chapter 26
CCR chapter 9
Class 21: International Institutions and Security: The UN and NATO
International organizations, analysed under the category of supra-national governance, are often blamed for either being too interventionist or for failing to prevent the escalation of deadly conflicts. Based upon a short history of these organizations and of how they conceive their action with regards to security, we will examine whether globalization creates new opportunities for international organizations or renders them obsolete.
• Readings: SS chapters 20 and 21
Class 22: Civil Society and Peace-building - In-class workshop
Civil society organisations are increasingly included in peace-building initiatives, especially in order to restore civic values of cooperation and pluralist debate in divided societies. Yet the array of their interventions is very large and multifaceted, relying on various definitions of peace. This workshop will confront students with a variety of civil society initiatives in order to restore peace in post-conflict societies.
Class 23: Conflict Resolution in Multicultural Societies and General Conclusion to the Course
Cultural diversity precedes the contemporary globalization trend, yet it is one of its key features. Processes of global migrations as well as cultural fragmentation need to be incorporated in conflict resolution schemes.
• Readings: CCR chapters 15 and 16
Final exam week and farewell
Required readings:
The primary textbook for this course is Paul D. Williams (ed), Security Studies: An Introduction, Routledge 2008. (Hereafter referred to as SS).
On reserve students will find the second main book: Oliver Ramsbotham, Tom Woodhouse and Hugh Miall (ed.), Contemporary Conflict Resolution (Hereafter referred to as CCR).
Recommended readings:
Thania Paffenholz, Civil Society and Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment, Lynne Riener, 2010.
Paul Battersby, Globalization and Human Security, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.
James Mittelman, Hyperconflict: Globalization and Insecurity, Stanford Security Studies, 2010.
Kevin Avruch, Culture and Conflict Resolution, United States Institute of Peace, 1998.
Additional resources available on JSTOR:
King Gary, Christopher J. L. Murray, “Rethinking Human Security Rethinking Human Security”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 116, No. 4 (Winter, 2001-2002), pp. 585-610.
Busumtwi-Sam James, “Development and Human Security: Whose Security, and from What?”, International Journal, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Spring, 2002), pp. 253-272.
Duffield John S., Theo Farrell, Richard Price, Michael C. Desch, “Isms and Schisms: Culturalism versus Realism in Security Studies”, International Security, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Summer, 1999), pp. 156-180.
Krause Keith, Michael C. Williams, “Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods”, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Oct., 1996), pp. 229-254
Thio Li-Ann, “Developing a ‘Peace and Security’ Approach Towards Minorities’ Problems”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol.51, N°1 (Jan., 2003), pp. 115-150.
King Charles, Neil J.Melvin, “Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign Policy and Security in Eurasia”, International Security, Vol.24, N°3 (Winter 1999-2000), pp.108-138.
Goldstein Daniel M., “Towards a Critical Anthropology of Security”, Current Anthropology, Vol.51, N°4 (Aug.2010), pp. 487-517.
Brief Biography of Instructor:
Dr. Brigitte Beauzamy earned a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris). After being a lecturer in Political Science at the University of Paris 13, she became a Marie Curie Fellow at the Centre for Research on Ethnic Relations of the University of Warwick, where she is working on a EU-funded project on Jewish peace mobilizations in the Israel/Palestine conflict. Among her more recent publications: 2011, Nation et diversité. La diversité culturelle en France et au Danemark (« Nation and Diversity. Cultural Diversity in France and in Denmark ») (with Dr. Hab. Elise Féron), Paris, Economica (in press). 2010, “Democratic Discourses and Practices within Transnational Social Movements”, in Eva Erman & Anders Uhlin (eds.), Legitimacy Beyond the State? Re-examining the Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors, London, Palgrave.
New Security Challenges In Multicultural Societies: Conflict And Crisis Management
This seminar aims at providing an introduction to the main concepts in contemporary security studies, so as to propose a framework for understanding key aspects in crisis management. Security used to be conceptualized within the narrow frame of state security and international relations, but approaches in terms of new security threats have profoundly changed these assumptions. Nowadays, issues related to threats posed by non-state actors such as terrorist groups or global challenges linked to transnational politics and economics are high on the security agenda, blurring the difference between home security and protection from external threats. Security also goes beyond approaches focusing on the menace posited by an enemy to incorporate food security and environmental security in a context marked by an increased concern for sustainable development and the interdependency of economies. Yet this extension of the concept of security has led to fierce debates within the field of security studies, leading to contrasted and conflictive accounts of what security is and what are the main threats that should be tackled by security policies – the possibility of war or more general and pervasive situations of insecurity? The dangers posited by rebellious actors or the risks associated with public policies? The course will be attentive to mapping these various positions and to showing how they contribute to the constant rejuvenation of security studies.
We will link this introduction to contemporary trends in security issues to the specific phenomena of growing cultural diversity, which resulted from the contemporary process of globalization. We live in increasingly diverse societies where global and local politics interplay in ways that multiply sources of tensions. Specific security issues, such as transnational terrorism and transnational criminal networks have been explicitly linked by some commentators to problems generated by cultural diversity or to a failure of multiculturalist policies. Yet others have noticed that increased cultural diversity creates an opportunity for better intercultural dialogue and for the rise of new security actors and tools: a more thorough understanding and recognition of cultural diversity would then lead to more efficient approaches to the concrete conditions of human security. Without taking sides, this course will aim at examining this growing connection between security and multiculturalism, either by looking at theories and practices which effectively stretch across both or by mainstreaming multicultural approaches into security studies. What are these new security issues linked to cultural diversity and multiculturalism? How do they materialize in situations of crises? What are the tools used by state and non-state actors to manage these crises and what are the ethical and legal issues induced by them?
Not only will this seminar aim at answering these questions, it will also introduce students to the topic of crisis management by giving them tools to identify the crisis, analyze its key features and the strategic as well as operational issues linked to it. Far from adopting a “one-size-fits-all” approach to security studies, which tends to apply concepts and practices elaborated in the US everywhere in the world, the seminar will underline key European perspectives to security, which shall lead students to an increased awareness of intercultural issues in transnational security management.
Recommended for students with previous knowledge of international relations and current affairs
By the end of the course students will be able to:
Lectures, discussions on assigned readings, in-class workshops on empirical material, presentations.
Readings (10%)
Oral individual presentation (20%)
Essay (20%)
Mid-term exam (20%)
Final exam (30%)
Class 1: Course Introduction: What do we mean by security? Why should we tie it to multiculturalism?
In this general introduction to the class, we shall browse over the changing definitions of the concept of security according to geopolitical and cultural environments, especially in the context of globalization. Recent conceptualizations of security issues point to cultural diversity as both the context in which security must be thought in pluralist democracies as well as positing new security challenges.
Class 2: Classical Approaches to Security Studies
In this overview of classical approaches to security studies based on International Relations theory, we shall focus on realist theory: its main concepts and how it has dominated reflections on security in IR during the Cold War. We will then examine the liberal democratic peace thesis, and conclude how both of them have placed the emphasis on the role of states in bringing about security or war.
• Readings: SS chapters 2 and 3
Class 3: Critical Angles in Security Studies
Based on the critique of the first two classical approaches, constructivist and critical theories have led to a renewal of security studies. They have focused their criticisms on the centrality of the state as the main actor of security, and showed that classical approaches were fraud with ethnocentrism and essentialism, and failed to address the increased complexity of the post-Cold War world.
• Readings: SS chapters 5 and 7
Section I: Key Security Issues in a Globalized Society
Class 4: Globalization and Conflicts
Globalization (economic, political, cultural) is often said to create new conflicts or to lead to conflict escalation of old ones, through the rise of transnational economic and political actors such as transnational corporations, diaspora networks or supra-national political movements. New security actors such as private security corporations also thrive on the increased mobility of capital and personnel. However, some authors point to the fact that globalization also provides new opportunities for conflict mitigation and new definitions of peace, through new International Governmental Organizations and the development of supra-national law and governance, as well as the advent of a cosmopolitan civil society.
• Readings: SS chapter 10
CCR chapter 4
Class 5: Human Security: Content and Threats
The notion of human security today is central in security studies, thereby indicating a broadening of the concept of security and of the scope and beneficiaries of security policies. Human security shifts the focus away from the centrality of the rule of law to the liveliness of people affected by various insecurities: economic, environmental, health-related, cultural. In this way it is tied to cultural diversity and its protection.
• Readings: SS chapter 16
Class 6: Poverty, Conflicts and Security
There is today a consensus around the idea that poverty is a key factor in the escalation and prolongation of conflicts, firstly because socio-economic tensions are a root cause of many conflicts, secondly because conflicts are a major cause of the impoverishment of populations and thereby sustain war-based economies. This leads to economic approaches to security being reinforced.
• Readings: SS chapter 17
Class 7: Ethnic Conflicts, Minorities and Diasporas
Minorities and diasporas are key actors in community conflicts usually associated with conflict escalation: ethnicity is today placed at the centre of conflict analysis. Ethnic groups may contribute to making localized conflicts more global by channelling resources into them but also, on the side of peace mobilizations, by raising awareness about human rights violations and lobbying for foreign policy change in their host country. Ethnic political organizations are also at the forefront of multicultural policies, which may increase their capacity to take an active interest in distant conflicts in the homeland.
• Readings: SS chapters 14 and 31
Class 8: Terrorism and Transnational Networks
Today’s most discussed actors in security studies are transnational terrorist networks. Yet their very definition is complex and disputed, as well as their links with other political actors. We will aim at delimitating the study of terrorism within contemporary security studies and polices and at examining how terrorism is related to the cultural diversity characteristic of globalized societies.
• Readings: SS chapter 12
CCR chapter 3
Class 9: Transnational Crime and Conflicts
When discussing “rogue” aspects of the globalization process, transnational crime is often mentioned – including smuggling and trafficking, piracy, etc., sometimes performed by diasporic actors who will therefore be blamed for importing crime into host countries. We shall examine how transnational crime does not only contribute to conflict escalation, it also stems from processes of conflict decomposition, which create new security threats.
• Readings: SS chapter 30
Class 10: Preparation to the Mid-term Exams
Students are invited to review the first chapters and sessions and to highlight any question which may come up.
Class 11: Mid-Term Exam
Class 12: Conclusion to Section I: Gender and Conflicts
Gender is a dimension which is increasingly taken into account in conflict analysis and security theory. This approach not only entails a gendered analysis of violence and victimization, it also examines how gender relations can be at the root cause of deadly conflicts. Gender relations are also increasingly placed at the centre of critical accounts of multiculturalism and cultural diversity, and contribute to new conceptualizations of security.
• Readings: SS chapter 8
CCR chapter 12
Section II: Multiculturalism and security issues and tools
Class 13: Measuring Insecurity: An Issue for Security Policies - In-class workshop
Measurements of insecurity have been much debated in multicultural societies. They can be quantitative or qualitative, try to be objective or to incorporate the actors’ subjective perceptions into them, stick to strict notions of universalism or incorporate culturally-sensitive elements into them. The workshop will allow students to compare different systems measuring insecurity.
Class 14: Correction of the Exams
This session offers students a possibility to discuss their difficulties precisely and to design strategies for overcoming them.
Class 15: Early Warning and Foresight
Early warning is a key tool for security management, as it is meant to prompt a timely and efficient response. We will examine the key principles behind the Early Warning and foresight of humanitarian emergencies and conflicts, and see how they are enacted in various Early Warning Systems, as well their policy outcomes.
• Readings: CCR chapter 5
Class 16: Recent Trends in European Security Policies and Security Policy Analysis
This session is aimed at preparing students for the field trip in Brussels. We shall examine the origins and scope of contemporary security policies, both of the EU and of contrasted case studies within the EU. The aims, means and evaluation of security policies will be examined in a context increasingly marked by discussions of cultural diversity – its protection and its policing.
• Readings: SS chapter 9
Class 17: Field trip: European Approaches to Security
Field trip to Brussels. Based on a field visit of the European Commission, it will allow students to grasp European discourses on global security and reflect on new directions taken by security policies. Of utmost interests will be the opportunities and constraints identified by European policymakers in the field of security.
• Readings: Policy documents
Class 18: Crisis Management and Early Response - In-class workshop
Crisis management has been a rapidly developing field within security policies and is increasingly addressed by security studies. Developing a timely and effective early response depends on strategic interactions between various actors. Based on an in-class role-playing game, we will examine approaches in crisis management and their major achievements and shortcomings.
Class 19: Patterns of Peace Operations and Peacekeeping
Military peace interventions are today very much subjected to criticism, even though they are increasingly legitimized by discourses on humanitarian interventions, among others. What are the conditions leading to the launching of such operations, and what debates exist with regards to their legitimacy and their efficiency? How are their results being evaluated and how does peacekeeping prepare the conditions for peace or fail to do so?
• Readings: SS chapter 27
CCR chapter 6
Class 20: Peace-building Between Securitization and Democratization
Building peace in the immediate aftermath of a violent conflict is today understood as a multi-faceted intervention, which includes restoring security in the area, building sustainable institutions and the conditions for economic prosperity. Yet contemporary debates on democratization schemes point at their numerous shortcomings: they project categories elaborated in Western contexts upon non-Western ones; they fail to take into account the complexity of the local situation and especially its cultural diversity.
• Readings: SS chapter 26
CCR chapter 9
Class 21: International Institutions and Security: The UN and NATO
International organizations, analysed under the category of supra-national governance, are often blamed for either being too interventionist or for failing to prevent the escalation of deadly conflicts. Based upon a short history of these organizations and of how they conceive their action with regards to security, we will examine whether globalization creates new opportunities for international organizations or renders them obsolete.
• Readings: SS chapters 20 and 21
Class 22: Civil Society and Peace-building - In-class workshop
Civil society organisations are increasingly included in peace-building initiatives, especially in order to restore civic values of cooperation and pluralist debate in divided societies. Yet the array of their interventions is very large and multifaceted, relying on various definitions of peace. This workshop will confront students with a variety of civil society initiatives in order to restore peace in post-conflict societies.
Class 23: Conflict Resolution in Multicultural Societies and General Conclusion to the Course
Cultural diversity precedes the contemporary globalization trend, yet it is one of its key features. Processes of global migrations as well as cultural fragmentation need to be incorporated in conflict resolution schemes.
• Readings: CCR chapters 15 and 16
Final exam week and farewell
The primary textbook for this course is Paul D. Williams (ed), Security Studies: An Introduction, Routledge 2008. (Hereafter referred to as SS).
On reserve students will find the second main book: Oliver Ramsbotham, Tom Woodhouse and Hugh Miall (ed.), Contemporary Conflict Resolution (Hereafter referred to as CCR).
Thania Paffenholz, Civil Society and Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment, Lynne Riener, 2010.
Paul Battersby, Globalization and Human Security, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.
James Mittelman, Hyperconflict: Globalization and Insecurity, Stanford Security Studies, 2010.
Kevin Avruch, Culture and Conflict Resolution, United States Institute of Peace, 1998.
Additional resources available on JSTOR:
King Gary, Christopher J. L. Murray, “Rethinking Human Security Rethinking Human Security”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 116, No. 4 (Winter, 2001-2002), pp. 585-610.
Busumtwi-Sam James, “Development and Human Security: Whose Security, and from What?”, International Journal, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Spring, 2002), pp. 253-272.
Duffield John S., Theo Farrell, Richard Price, Michael C. Desch, “Isms and Schisms: Culturalism versus Realism in Security Studies”, International Security, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Summer, 1999), pp. 156-180.
Krause Keith, Michael C. Williams, “Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods”, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Oct., 1996), pp. 229-254
Thio Li-Ann, “Developing a ‘Peace and Security’ Approach Towards Minorities’ Problems”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol.51, N°1 (Jan., 2003), pp. 115-150.
King Charles, Neil J.Melvin, “Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign Policy and Security in Eurasia”, International Security, Vol.24, N°3 (Winter 1999-2000), pp.108-138.
Goldstein Daniel M., “Towards a Critical Anthropology of Security”, Current Anthropology, Vol.51, N°4 (Aug.2010), pp. 487-517.
Dr. Brigitte Beauzamy earned a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris). After being a lecturer in Political Science at the University of Paris 13, she became a Marie Curie Fellow at the Centre for Research on Ethnic Relations of the University of Warwick, where she is working on a EU-funded project on Jewish peace mobilizations in the Israel/Palestine conflict. Among her more recent publications: 2011, Nation et diversité. La diversité culturelle en France et au Danemark (« Nation and Diversity. Cultural Diversity in France and in Denmark ») (with Dr. Hab. Elise Féron), Paris, Economica (in press). 2010, “Democratic Discourses and Practices within Transnational Social Movements”, in Eva Erman & Anders Uhlin (eds.), Legitimacy Beyond the State? Re-examining the Democratic Credentials of Transnational Actors, London, Palgrave.