This course will explore and critically analyze major institutions, actors and trends in contemporary French media and will attempt to situate them in the larger contexts of “unifying” Europe and the “globalized” world-media-scene.
We will examine the operational schemes, performances and internal decisional and power structures of different branches of French media: written national and regional press, specialized magazines, the publishing industry, advertising, radio, television, and the internet.
We will attempt a specific analysis regarding the international and French implications of the growing potential of social networks and “New Media.” We’ll critically review some aspects of the growing confusion—both in terms of competition and compatibility—between “new” and “old” media and their political, social and cultural impacts.
In the domain of social and political presence, we will study and question practices of newsgathering, deontological principles and constraints, media performance under pressure of time, context, profit-making-structures, politics, violence, ethics and ideologies. We will examine forms and styles of “information”, editorial policies and the variety of notions of “democratic pluralism” across the French and European media landscapes.
We will try to define and decode distinctions between “news”, “commentary” and “analysis” as they are being treated on the French and European media scenes. We’ll analyze what all these may mean, encourage, cultivate or block in terms of both politics, society, culture and media during “high times” of political turmoil, violent crisis or social unrest.
The course will alternate traditional lectures and critical discussions and the analysis of written, illustrated, audio, visual and virtual excerpts.
Every session will include a compact set of short oral presentations (about 4-5 minutes long) of students addressing specific aspects of the assigned reading material, previous (or future) class discussions and the field visits.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Analyze, compare and critically evaluate media coverage, operational modes and involvement in the French and European political, social, cultural and ‘mental’ landscape.
Evaluate the historical context and assess contemporary practices and trends in French and European traditional and ‘new’ media.
Compare European media characteristics with US media sphere and integrate ‘global considerations’ into an overall analysis of modern media impacts.
Method of presentation:
Lectures, class-presentations, discussions, case studies, Moodle interactive exchanges, field study.
Required work and form of assessment:
Class participation and active involvement in discussion: 25%
Class reports (based on elaboration of the bibliography, students will present in class a designated article from the bibliography and submit a written text of approximately 2 pages.):15%
Midterm Examination (in-class, essay-style): 30%
Final Examination: (in-class, essay-style): 30%
Keeping up steadily with current French and European news is strictly required. (International Herald Tribune, RFI - Radio France Internationale, France-24 in English, other English & French media outlets)
Informed and challenging opinions are highly encouraged during class reports, presentations and discussions.
content:
Please bear in mind that the order and the content of sessions may be modified on short notice due to breaking French or international major news developments. Each day, we will draw upon current examples from primary media sources for our analysis, creating a sort of “mapping of the now.”
PART I: French and European Media within their political, social and cultural context;
Historical background, operations and concepts.
Week 1
Introduction: What shall we be looking for? How shall we proceed? We will cover the bases of terminology and short-term / long-term definitions needed to deal with French and European media as well as political, social and cultural “spheres”. Students will be given a general introduction to the contrast between traditional media and the Virtual, the NET, Social Networks and the challenges this poses.
Week 2
Mapping the Media & Political Scenes: “Horizontal view” of French Media scene: Who’s who in the current written Press, Radio, Television, the NET, Publishing & Advertisement Industries; specialized press, “free-time”, leisure and Magazine press; We will consider media institutions of reference and try to establish notions of historical evolutions and ‘trends’.
Readings for Week 2:
• Drake, Helen. (2010). France, Europe and the Limits of Exceptionalism. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel ed. The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the ‘French Model’. ch. 10. p. 187-202.
• Chalaby, Jean K. (2002). Reason of State and Public Communications: De Gaulle in Context The De Gaulle Presidency and the Media, Palgrave-Macmillan, ch. 9 p. 189-208.
Week 3
How do They Function?: Media “machinery” and performance: How do they operate, compete, comply, survive, disappear or flourish? We will consider instincts, ambitions, limitations and constraints of media coverage and production and explore the senses of editorial, production & financial innovation facing the “New Media”.
Readings for Week 3:
• Oates, Sarah. (2008). The Internet and Democracy. Introduction to Media and Politics, Sage, L.A., London. P. 155-176.
• Boy, Daniel and Chiche, Jean, (2011). The Decisive Influence of Image; in Cautrès, Bruno and Muxel, Anne [Ed.], The new Voter in western Europe, France and Beyond , Palgrave-Macmillan, New-York 2011; ch. 4, p. 79-100
Week 4
Media as Public Actors: Facts, emotions, analysis, power and counter-power. We will look at varying approaches and nuances related to notions of “media influence” in politics, society and “culture”; dynamics and impacts of the “New Media”; notions of the “local”, the “national”, the “European” and the “Global.”
Readings for Week 4:
• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616: 94-109, In Daya Kishan Thussu [Ed.] (2009). International Communication: A Reader, Routledge, London & New York. p. 333-344.
• Behmer, Markus. (2009). Measuring Media Freedom: Approaches of International Comparison. Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva (ed.) Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. p. 23-36.
Week 5
Media Business Models; Commercial Realities and Constraints: Political affiliations and sympathies, regulation and innovation; Free media outlets, advertisement, free downloads and copyrights; We will attempt to answer the question “Who’s really in charge: The Parliament, the Bureaucracy or the Market…?”
Readings for Week 5:
• Vedel, Thierry. (2009). Pluralism in the French Broadcasting System: Between the Legacy of History and the Challenges of New Technologies. Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva [Ed.], Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. p. 261- 274.
• Baudrillard, Jean. (1996) The Global and the Universal. Screened Out: p. 156-159
Week 6
“Civil Societies”, French and European Political Landscape: How does the media influence civil society? What is it’s effect on political awareness, participation and electoral campaigning: on the French internal scene and in the context of European and international positioning? Does media have a role in the European unification process?
Readings for Week 6:
• Harmsen, Robert. (2010). French Eurosepticism and the Construction of National Exceptionism. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.] The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. ch. 6. p. 105-122.
• De Smaele, Hedwig. (2009). The Enlarged Audio-visual Europe: The Many faces of Europeanization; Media in the Enlarged Europe, Intellect, p. 13-21.
Week 7
Midterm Examination (in-class essay)
PART II: French Media in the Larger Context of EU Media Institutions, Politics and Civil Societies
Week 8
The Media and French “Universal Claim”: We will look at “Francophonie” and media using examples of overseas influence of French written press, as well as the case of TV5-Monde).
Media is a tool that has revised the notions of “Soft Power”; it is a tool in electoral campaigning, in diplomacy and the “peaceful deployment of democracy” “across the borders” with multi-directional impacts. We will make some comparisons between different EU models: Northern “Rhine Model”, British traditions and “solidity”, Mediterranean Europe, the Central-Eastern newcomers to the EU.
Readings for Week 8:
• Mason, Moya K. (1999). La Francophonie: The History, Structures, Organization and Philosophical Underpinnings; report to the "Organisation International de la Francophonie" (excerpts)
• Lilleker, Darren G. and Jackson, Nigel A., (2011). Political Campaigning, Elections and the Internet: comparing the US, UK, France and Germany, Routledge, London, New-York. Introduction: p. 1-11 and Ch. 9: Elections 2.0: Interactivity, the Internet and Political campaigning, p. 143-165.
Week 9
“La République Est UNE”; European Media and “Identity issues”: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité and Laïcité ; What are the media’s contributions and in the domains of “National Identity”, immigration, ethnic diversity and “communautarisme”, cultural “shocks”, nationalism, patriotism, and xenophobia; What controversies does it create?
Readings for Week 9:
• Vince, Natalya. (2010). France, Islam and Laïcité: Colonial Exceptions, Contemporary Reinventions and European Convergence. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.] The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. ch. 8. p. 153-170.
• Ibrahim, Yasmin (2009). The Mediated ‘Ummah’ in Europe: The Islamic Influence in
the Cultural Age. Charles, Alex, ed. Media in the Enlarged Europe: Politics, Policy and
Industry, Intellect: 113-122.
Week 10
Entertainment à la Française, à l’Européenne: Reality-shows and voyeurism in France. Through examples and a study of the evolution of “entertainment products,” we will attempt to understand the problematic fascination with media “violence” as well as consider the concepts of “elites” and “peuple” in French history, politics, culture and mass-media.
Readings for Week 10:
• Baudrillard, Jean (2002). The Racing Driver and His Double. TV Fantasies, Screened Out: 166-170.
• Dauncey, Hugh (2010). “L’exception culturelle”. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.], The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. Ch. 4. p. 72-84.
Week 11
Notions of “Responsibility” in Political and Media Behavior: Interactivity and confrontation between the traditional and the “New” media.
In class analysis analysis of case studies on electoral periods and extreme crisis situations.
Readings for Week 11:
• Kuhn, Raymond. (2007). The Public and the Private in Contemporary French Politics.
French Cultural Studies, June vol. 18 (185 – 199).
• Grimm, Dieter. (2009) Freedom of speech in a globalized world. Hare, Ivan and Weinstein, James [Ed.], Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford University Press, p. 11-22.
Week 12
And What’s Next?: Where are we heading in terms of political, social and “cultural” media coverage in France, within the “Francophonie” and in the European Union? We will review the balances and adversities between “New” and “Traditional” Media, and attempt to summarize contextual relativities and rapidly changing criteria.
Readings for Week 12:
• Jacques Derida and Bernard Stiegler (2002). The Archive Market: Truth, Testimony, Evidence, in Echographies of Television, Polity Press 2002, p. 82-99.
• Bollinger, Lee C., “Uninhibited, Robust and Wide-Open: A free Press for a New Century”, Oxford University Press, 2010; Ch. 3: Regardless of Frontiers: p. 68-106.
Week 13
Final Examination (in-class essay)
Required readings:
All articles and book chapters listed will also be in the course reader.
• Baudrillard, Jean. (2002) Screened Out. Verso, London, New York.
• Behmer, Markus. (2009) “Measuring Media Freedom: Approaches of International Comparison.” Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva (ed.) Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. Gutenberg Press, Malta.
• Bollinger, Lee C. (2010) Uninhibited, Robust and Wide-Open: A free Press for a New Century. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Boy, Daniel and Chiche, Jean. (2011) “The Decisive Influence of Image.” Cautrès, Bruno and Muxel, Anne [Ed.], The New Voter in Western Europe, France and Beyond, Palgrave-Macmillan, New York.
• Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel (eds). (2010) The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. Palgrave MacMillan.
• Chalaby, Jean K. (2002) The De Gaulle Presidency and the Media. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Charles, Alec (ed). (2009) Media in the Enlarged Europe: Politics, Policy and Industry, Intellect, Bristol, Chicago.
• Derida, Jacques and Stiegler, Bernard. (2002) Echographies of Television, Polity Press.
• Grimm, Dieter. (2009) “Freedom of speech in a globalized world.” Hare, Ivan and Weinstein, James [Ed.], Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford University Press.
• Kuhn, Raymond. (2007) “The Public and the Private in Contemporary French Politics.” French Cultural Studies, June vol. 18.
• Lilleker, Darren G. and Jackson, Nigel A. (2011) Political Campaigning, Elections and the Internet: Comparing the US, UK, France and Germany. Routledge, London, New York.
• Mason, Moya K. (1999) “La Francophonie: The History, Structures, Organization and Philosophical Underpinnings.” Report to the "Organisation International de la Francophonie."
• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2008) “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.” Daya Kishan Thussu [Ed.] International Communication: A Reader, Routledge, London & New York.
• Oates, Sarah. (2008) Introduction to Media and Politics. Sage, L.A., London.
• Vedel, Thierry. (2009) “Pluralism in the French Broadcasting System: Between the Legacy of History and the Challenges of New Technologies.” Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva [Ed.], Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions.
Brief Biography of Instructor:
Joav Toker studied and taught Communication & Media Studies, International Relations and Diplomacy at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem and Columbia University, New York. He has taught Media courses, International Affairs and Diplomacy, “Global Communication”, “Extreme-Crisis Situations: Government and Media” courses and seminars at the IET Institut d’Etudes Politiques (“Sciences-Po”) in Paris, at Columbia University, NYU (New York University), UC (University of California) and AGS (American Graduate School of International Relations and Diplomacy) in Paris.
He has “covered” and commented for IBA-TV and the International Francophone TV network TV5 major international events: the Middle East peace process, EU institutions, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the dislocation of the Soviet bloc, the wars in ex-Yugoslavia and the Gulf, international and EU summit meetings, election campaigns in Western Europe, Russia and the US, Art and Film festivals.
07/12
Media In France And The Eu
This course will explore and critically analyze major institutions, actors and trends in contemporary French media and will attempt to situate them in the larger contexts of “unifying” Europe and the “globalized” world-media-scene.
We will examine the operational schemes, performances and internal decisional and power structures of different branches of French media: written national and regional press, specialized magazines, the publishing industry, advertising, radio, television, and the internet.
We will attempt a specific analysis regarding the international and French implications of the growing potential of social networks and “New Media.” We’ll critically review some aspects of the growing confusion—both in terms of competition and compatibility—between “new” and “old” media and their political, social and cultural impacts.
In the domain of social and political presence, we will study and question practices of newsgathering, deontological principles and constraints, media performance under pressure of time, context, profit-making-structures, politics, violence, ethics and ideologies. We will examine forms and styles of “information”, editorial policies and the variety of notions of “democratic pluralism” across the French and European media landscapes.
We will try to define and decode distinctions between “news”, “commentary” and “analysis” as they are being treated on the French and European media scenes. We’ll analyze what all these may mean, encourage, cultivate or block in terms of both politics, society, culture and media during “high times” of political turmoil, violent crisis or social unrest.
The course will alternate traditional lectures and critical discussions and the analysis of written, illustrated, audio, visual and virtual excerpts.
Every session will include a compact set of short oral presentations (about 4-5 minutes long) of students addressing specific aspects of the assigned reading material, previous (or future) class discussions and the field visits.
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Lectures, class-presentations, discussions, case studies, Moodle interactive exchanges, field study.
Class participation and active involvement in discussion: 25%
Class reports (based on elaboration of the bibliography, students will present in class a designated article from the bibliography and submit a written text of approximately 2 pages.):15%
Midterm Examination (in-class, essay-style): 30%
Final Examination: (in-class, essay-style): 30%
Keeping up steadily with current French and European news is strictly required. (International Herald Tribune, RFI - Radio France Internationale, France-24 in English, other English & French media outlets)
Informed and challenging opinions are highly encouraged during class reports, presentations and discussions.
Please bear in mind that the order and the content of sessions may be modified on short notice due to breaking French or international major news developments. Each day, we will draw upon current examples from primary media sources for our analysis, creating a sort of “mapping of the now.”
PART I: French and European Media within their political, social and cultural context;
Historical background, operations and concepts.
Week 1
Introduction: What shall we be looking for? How shall we proceed? We will cover the bases of terminology and short-term / long-term definitions needed to deal with French and European media as well as political, social and cultural “spheres”. Students will be given a general introduction to the contrast between traditional media and the Virtual, the NET, Social Networks and the challenges this poses.
Week 2
Mapping the Media & Political Scenes: “Horizontal view” of French Media scene: Who’s who in the current written Press, Radio, Television, the NET, Publishing & Advertisement Industries; specialized press, “free-time”, leisure and Magazine press; We will consider media institutions of reference and try to establish notions of historical evolutions and ‘trends’.
Readings for Week 2:
• Drake, Helen. (2010). France, Europe and the Limits of Exceptionalism. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel ed. The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the ‘French Model’. ch. 10. p. 187-202.
• Chalaby, Jean K. (2002). Reason of State and Public Communications: De Gaulle in Context The De Gaulle Presidency and the Media, Palgrave-Macmillan, ch. 9 p. 189-208.
Week 3
How do They Function?: Media “machinery” and performance: How do they operate, compete, comply, survive, disappear or flourish? We will consider instincts, ambitions, limitations and constraints of media coverage and production and explore the senses of editorial, production & financial innovation facing the “New Media”.
Readings for Week 3:
• Oates, Sarah. (2008). The Internet and Democracy. Introduction to Media and Politics, Sage, L.A., London. P. 155-176.
• Boy, Daniel and Chiche, Jean, (2011). The Decisive Influence of Image; in Cautrès, Bruno and Muxel, Anne [Ed.], The new Voter in western Europe, France and Beyond , Palgrave-Macmillan, New-York 2011; ch. 4, p. 79-100
Week 4
Media as Public Actors: Facts, emotions, analysis, power and counter-power. We will look at varying approaches and nuances related to notions of “media influence” in politics, society and “culture”; dynamics and impacts of the “New Media”; notions of the “local”, the “national”, the “European” and the “Global.”
Readings for Week 4:
• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616: 94-109, In Daya Kishan Thussu [Ed.] (2009). International Communication: A Reader, Routledge, London & New York. p. 333-344.
• Behmer, Markus. (2009). Measuring Media Freedom: Approaches of International Comparison. Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva (ed.) Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. p. 23-36.
Week 5
Media Business Models; Commercial Realities and Constraints: Political affiliations and sympathies, regulation and innovation; Free media outlets, advertisement, free downloads and copyrights; We will attempt to answer the question “Who’s really in charge: The Parliament, the Bureaucracy or the Market…?”
Readings for Week 5:
• Vedel, Thierry. (2009). Pluralism in the French Broadcasting System: Between the Legacy of History and the Challenges of New Technologies. Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva [Ed.], Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. p. 261- 274.
• Baudrillard, Jean. (1996) The Global and the Universal. Screened Out: p. 156-159
Week 6
“Civil Societies”, French and European Political Landscape: How does the media influence civil society? What is it’s effect on political awareness, participation and electoral campaigning: on the French internal scene and in the context of European and international positioning? Does media have a role in the European unification process?
Readings for Week 6:
• Harmsen, Robert. (2010). French Eurosepticism and the Construction of National Exceptionism. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.] The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. ch. 6. p. 105-122.
• De Smaele, Hedwig. (2009). The Enlarged Audio-visual Europe: The Many faces of Europeanization; Media in the Enlarged Europe, Intellect, p. 13-21.
Week 7
Midterm Examination (in-class essay)
PART II: French Media in the Larger Context of EU Media Institutions, Politics and Civil Societies
Week 8
The Media and French “Universal Claim”: We will look at “Francophonie” and media using examples of overseas influence of French written press, as well as the case of TV5-Monde).
Media is a tool that has revised the notions of “Soft Power”; it is a tool in electoral campaigning, in diplomacy and the “peaceful deployment of democracy” “across the borders” with multi-directional impacts. We will make some comparisons between different EU models: Northern “Rhine Model”, British traditions and “solidity”, Mediterranean Europe, the Central-Eastern newcomers to the EU.
Readings for Week 8:
• Mason, Moya K. (1999). La Francophonie: The History, Structures, Organization and Philosophical Underpinnings; report to the "Organisation International de la Francophonie" (excerpts)
• Lilleker, Darren G. and Jackson, Nigel A., (2011). Political Campaigning, Elections and the Internet: comparing the US, UK, France and Germany, Routledge, London, New-York. Introduction: p. 1-11 and Ch. 9: Elections 2.0: Interactivity, the Internet and Political campaigning, p. 143-165.
Week 9
“La République Est UNE”; European Media and “Identity issues”: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité and Laïcité ; What are the media’s contributions and in the domains of “National Identity”, immigration, ethnic diversity and “communautarisme”, cultural “shocks”, nationalism, patriotism, and xenophobia; What controversies does it create?
Readings for Week 9:
• Vince, Natalya. (2010). France, Islam and Laïcité: Colonial Exceptions, Contemporary Reinventions and European Convergence. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.] The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. ch. 8. p. 153-170.
• Ibrahim, Yasmin (2009). The Mediated ‘Ummah’ in Europe: The Islamic Influence in
the Cultural Age. Charles, Alex, ed. Media in the Enlarged Europe: Politics, Policy and
Industry, Intellect: 113-122.
Week 10
Entertainment à la Française, à l’Européenne: Reality-shows and voyeurism in France. Through examples and a study of the evolution of “entertainment products,” we will attempt to understand the problematic fascination with media “violence” as well as consider the concepts of “elites” and “peuple” in French history, politics, culture and mass-media.
Readings for Week 10:
• Baudrillard, Jean (2002). The Racing Driver and His Double. TV Fantasies, Screened Out: 166-170.
• Dauncey, Hugh (2010). “L’exception culturelle”. Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel [Ed.], The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. Ch. 4. p. 72-84.
Week 11
Notions of “Responsibility” in Political and Media Behavior: Interactivity and confrontation between the traditional and the “New” media.
In class analysis analysis of case studies on electoral periods and extreme crisis situations.
Readings for Week 11:
• Kuhn, Raymond. (2007). The Public and the Private in Contemporary French Politics.
French Cultural Studies, June vol. 18 (185 – 199).
• Grimm, Dieter. (2009) Freedom of speech in a globalized world. Hare, Ivan and Weinstein, James [Ed.], Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford University Press, p. 11-22.
Week 12
And What’s Next?: Where are we heading in terms of political, social and “cultural” media coverage in France, within the “Francophonie” and in the European Union? We will review the balances and adversities between “New” and “Traditional” Media, and attempt to summarize contextual relativities and rapidly changing criteria.
Readings for Week 12:
• Jacques Derida and Bernard Stiegler (2002). The Archive Market: Truth, Testimony, Evidence, in Echographies of Television, Polity Press 2002, p. 82-99.
• Bollinger, Lee C., “Uninhibited, Robust and Wide-Open: A free Press for a New Century”, Oxford University Press, 2010; Ch. 3: Regardless of Frontiers: p. 68-106.
Week 13
Final Examination (in-class essay)
All articles and book chapters listed will also be in the course reader.
• Baudrillard, Jean. (2002) Screened Out. Verso, London, New York.
• Behmer, Markus. (2009) “Measuring Media Freedom: Approaches of International Comparison.” Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva (ed.) Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions. Gutenberg Press, Malta.
• Bollinger, Lee C. (2010) Uninhibited, Robust and Wide-Open: A free Press for a New Century. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Boy, Daniel and Chiche, Jean. (2011) “The Decisive Influence of Image.” Cautrès, Bruno and Muxel, Anne [Ed.], The New Voter in Western Europe, France and Beyond, Palgrave-Macmillan, New York.
• Chafer, Tony and Godin, Emmanuel (eds). (2010) The End of French Exception? Decline and Revival of the “French Model”. Palgrave MacMillan.
• Chalaby, Jean K. (2002) The De Gaulle Presidency and the Media. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Charles, Alec (ed). (2009) Media in the Enlarged Europe: Politics, Policy and Industry, Intellect, Bristol, Chicago.
• Derida, Jacques and Stiegler, Bernard. (2002) Echographies of Television, Polity Press.
• Grimm, Dieter. (2009) “Freedom of speech in a globalized world.” Hare, Ivan and Weinstein, James [Ed.], Extreme Speech and Democracy, Oxford University Press.
• Kuhn, Raymond. (2007) “The Public and the Private in Contemporary French Politics.” French Cultural Studies, June vol. 18.
• Lilleker, Darren G. and Jackson, Nigel A. (2011) Political Campaigning, Elections and the Internet: Comparing the US, UK, France and Germany. Routledge, London, New York.
• Mason, Moya K. (1999) “La Francophonie: The History, Structures, Organization and Philosophical Underpinnings.” Report to the "Organisation International de la Francophonie."
• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2008) “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.” Daya Kishan Thussu [Ed.] International Communication: A Reader, Routledge, London & New York.
• Oates, Sarah. (2008) Introduction to Media and Politics. Sage, L.A., London.
• Vedel, Thierry. (2009) “Pluralism in the French Broadcasting System: Between the Legacy of History and the Challenges of New Technologies.” Czepek, Andrea Hellwig, Melanie & Nowak, Eva [Ed.], Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts & Conditions.
Joav Toker studied and taught Communication & Media Studies, International Relations and Diplomacy at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem and Columbia University, New York. He has taught Media courses, International Affairs and Diplomacy, “Global Communication”, “Extreme-Crisis Situations: Government and Media” courses and seminars at the IET Institut d’Etudes Politiques (“Sciences-Po”) in Paris, at Columbia University, NYU (New York University), UC (University of California) and AGS (American Graduate School of International Relations and Diplomacy) in Paris.
He has “covered” and commented for IBA-TV and the International Francophone TV network TV5 major international events: the Middle East peace process, EU institutions, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the dislocation of the Soviet bloc, the wars in ex-Yugoslavia and the Gulf, international and EU summit meetings, election campaigns in Western Europe, Russia and the US, Art and Film festivals.
07/12