Study of various representations of women in modern Mediterranean literature through an analysis of texts by both male and female writers. Writers from Catalonia, Spain, Morocco and Algeria will be included. The goal is to examine the ways in which gender, kinship, and sexuality structure women’s lives in Mediterranean culture, through historical and comparative case studies. Readings will be drawn from novels, short stories, autobiographies and drama. While theoretical issues are presented in lecture, the course focuses on analyzing texts according to basic strategies for literary works. There will be also occasional screenings of films, field visits, and lectures by guest speakers.
Attendance policy:
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies.Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be reschedule in cases of documentary medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter will be deduced from the final for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result a failing grade.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
comprehend gender issues in Spain and North Africa through the critical reading of a selection of works of literature by key male and female writers;
read and analyze literary works in their cultural, social and political context;
acquire basic tools for discourse analysis specifically applied to the written word, though attention will also be paid to visual representations;
approach cultural differences in non-judgmental ways;
evaluate the importance of culture and social beliefs in the shaping of personal identity.
Method of presentation:
Lectures: Lectures provide the students with an opportunity to gain an overview of the course content and to clarify issues
Class discussions: The aim of class discussions is to facilitate the students ability to apply the theoretical material to lived experience. They also offer the student the opportunity to argue their views and hear the perspective of other students on selected topics.
Group process activities: Participation in group process activities allows for experiential learning of the “reality” of organizational behavior.
Reader: The reader is compiled of a selection of key academic reading, chosen with the aim of providing a general understanding of the subject matter.
Field Studies: These are classes outside in which the student has the opportunity to observe and learn about women in Spain and in Morocco.
Journals: Students write a journal in which they describe and analyze experiences relevant to the course material.
Required work and form of assessment:
Class Participation (10%); Midterm essay (15%); Oral presentation (10%); Shorter written analysis (4:10% each); Field Study journal (10%); Take home exam (15%)
content:
Session No.
Required reading:
Session 1: Introduction to the course: Why study women in Mediterranean literature today?
Session 2:Field Trip “Urban Space and Female Consciousness”
Kaplan, Temma, “Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918”, 1982. (article), pp.545-566.
Session 3:“Urban Space and Female Consciousness”
Kaplan, Temma, “Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918”, 1982. (article), pp.545-566.
Session 4: Woman in Marriage and Social Conventions
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Torn Lace”, “Champagne” and “The Wedding” in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996. (short stories), pp.60-67; 68-74; 91-98.
Session 5: Social Mores and Gender Politics. Student’s presentations and debate
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Feminist” in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996.(short stories), pp.118-125.
Session 6: Social Mores and Gender Politics. Student’s Presentation and debate
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Sister Aparición”, in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996. (short stories), pp. 42-51.
Tolliver, Joyce. “Sor Aparicion and the Gaze: Pardo Bazán's Gendered Reply to the Romantic Don Juan”, 1994. (article), pp. 394-405
Session 7: Visit to the Bonnemaison Centre for Equality, Barcelona Provincial Council.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. “Morality undermined by sexual notions of the importance of a good reputation” in A Vindication of The Rights of Woman, 1792 (book).
Session 8: The Role of Women in Society: Introduction to the times and work of Federico García Lorca
García Lorca, Federico; Trans. J. Grahan-Luján and R. L. O’Conell, The House of Bernarda Alba (La Casa de Bernarda Alba), 1979. (play)
Session 9:The Role of Women in Society: Introduction to the times and work of Federico García Lorca
Seminar on Lorca’s play and the film.
Camus, Mario, La Casa de Bernarda Alba, 1987. (film)
Session 10: Women and Social Oppression. Introduction to the times and work of Mercé Rodoreda.
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 11:Field visit to the Gràcia quarter, scenario of Rodoreda’s novel La Plaça del Diamant
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 12: Women and Social Oppression. The Time of the Doves: seminar and students’ presentation.
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 13:Student’s presentations
Session 14: Andrea and The Female Emancipation. Students’ presentation and debate
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003. (book)
Session 15: Andrea and The Female Emancipation. Students’ presentation and debate.
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003. (book)
Chown, Linda E. (1983). “American Critics and Spanish Women Novelists, 1942-1980” in Signs, Vol.9, No.11 (1983), pp. 91-07
Session 16: Student’s presentations
Deadline for midterm essay
Session 17: The Women and the Islam. Class, presentations and debate.
Mernissi, Fatema, “Muslim Women and Fundamentalism”, 1988. (article), pp.8-11.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria”, 1981. (article), pp.625-646.
Session 18: The Women and the Islam. Class, presentations and debate.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria”, 1981. (article),pp.625-645.
Session 19:Becoming a woman in the non-West: visible and invisible veils. Student’s presentations and debate.
Mernissi, Fatema, Dreams of Trespass. Tales of a Harem Childhood, 1995 (book).
Session 20: Field Study: visit to the association IBN BATTUTA
BBC NEWS, “Morocco boosts women's rights”, 2003. (article)
Session 21: Male and Western Fantasies about Muslim Women
Mernissi, Fatema, Sherezade Goes West or The European Harem, 2002. (book), pp.1-59; 167-220.
The New York Times, “In Mauritania, Seeking to End an Overfed Ideal”, 2007 (article)
Session 22: Maghrebi Women Worlds Apart: Kinship, Sexuality and Exile in North-African Women’s Lives. Class and debate.
Djebar, Assia; Marjolijn de Jager Translator ( 1992) “Forbidden Gaze, Severed Sound”, “There is no Exile”, “Day of Ramadan”, in Women of Algiers in Their Apartment, 1980 (book), pp 133-151; 61-73; 119-122.
Session 23: Female identity in and out of Islam: problems of intercultural communication: The Beur generation. Students’ presentations and debate.
Sebbar, Leïla; Dorothy S. Blair translator Sherazade. Missing: aged 17, dark curly hair, green eyes, 1999. (book), pp.1-25.
General revision of the course notes. Submission of take-home exam.
Required readings:
Chown, Linda E. (1983). “American Critics and Spanish Women Novelists, 1942-1980” in Signs, Vol.9, No.11 (1983), pp. 91-07.
Djebar, Assia.”Forbidden Gaze, Severed Sound, There is no Exile, and Day of Ramadan”, in Women of Algiers in Their Apartment. Translator Mar.olijn de Jager. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992. Pp 133-151; 61-73; 119-122-
García Lorca, Federico The House of Bernarda Alba. Trans. J. Grahan-Luján and R. L. O’Conell. New York: New Directions, 1979.
Kaplan, Temma.”Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918” in Signs, Vol.7, No.3 (1982), pp. 545-566.
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria” in The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 19, No.4 (1981), pp. 625-646
Mernissi, Fatema. “Muslim Women and Fundamentalism” in Middle East Report. July-August (1988), pp. 8-11
Mernissi, Fatema. Dreams of Trespass. Tales of a Harem Childhood. US: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995.
Mernissi, Fatema. Sherezade Goes West or The European Harem. Washington: Square Press, 2002. Pp.1-59; 167-220.
Pardo Bazán, Emilia. “Champagne, Feminist, Sister Aparición, The Wedding, Torn Lace”, in Torn Lace and her Stories, translated by María Cristina Urruela. New York: Modern Language Association, 1996. Pp. 42-51; 60-67; 68-74; 91-98; 118-125.
Rodoreda, Mercé. The Time of the Doves. Trans. David H. Rosenthal (2004). Washington: Graywolf Press, 1962.
Sebbar, Leïla. Sherazade. Missing: aged 17, dark curly hair, green eyes, Translator Dorothy S. Blair. UK: Quartet Books, 1999. Pp.1-25.
Tolliver, Joyce. “Sor Aparicion and the Gaze: Pardo Bazán's Gendered Reply to the Romantic Don Juan”, in Hispania, Vol. 77, No. 3 (1994), pp. 394-405
Wollstonecraft, Mary. “Morality undermined by sexual notions of the importance of a good reputation” in A Vindication of The Rights of Woman, 1792.
Recommended readings:
General
Anderson, Bonnie and Zinsser, Judith P. A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present. 2 Vols. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
Bassnett, Susan Feminist Experiences: The Women’s Movement in Four Cultures. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.
Bock, Gisela. Women in European History. Trans. Allison Brown. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
Coward, Rosalind. Patriarchal Precedents: Sexuality and Social Relations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983.
Felski, Rita. Beyond Feminist Aesthetics. Feminist Literature and Social Change. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1989.
Forsas-Scott, Helena. Textual Liberation: European Feminist Writing in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 1991.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage Books, 1980.
Glover, David and Cora Kaplan. Genders. New York: Routledge, 2000
Hoffman J. M. “Torn Lace and Other Transformations: Rewriting the Bride’s Script in Selected Stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán” in Hispania, Vol. 83, No.2 (1999), pp. 238-245.
Masoliver, Juan Antonio. The Origins of Desire: Modern Spanish Short Stories. London, New York: Serpents Tail, 1993.
Pérez, Janet. Contemporary Women Writers of Spain. Boston: Twayne, 1988.
Pérez, Janet. Modern and Contemporary Spanish Women Poets. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996
Rodoreda, Mercè. My Christina & other stories. Trans. David H. Rosenthal. Washington: Graywolf Press,
1984
Ugarte, Michael. “Working at a Discount: Class Consciousness in Mercè Rodoreda's La Plaça Del Diamant” in MLN. Vol.114, No.2 (1999), pp.297-314.
Wilcox, John C. Women Poets of Spain, 1960-1990: Toward a Gynocentric Vision. Urbana: University of Illinois P, 1997.
North Africa
Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale UP, 1992
Alloula, Malek. The Colonial Harem. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1987.
Bailey, David A. and Gilane Tawadros. Veil: Veiling, Representation and Contemporary Art. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 2003.
Bouhdiba, Abdelwahab. Sexuality in Islam. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London, Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.
Bouhdiba, Abdelwahab. The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture: the Individual and Society in Islam. Paris: Unesco, 1998
Denny, Frederick Mathewson. An Introduction to Islam. New York: Macmillan, 1994.
Djebar, Assia. La Nouba des femmes du Mont Chenoua. Algeria, 1977.
Cooke, Miriam The Weight of the Veil. In Women claim Islam: Creating Islamic Feminism through Literature. New York: Routledge, 2001.
El Guindi, Fadwa. Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance. New York: Oxford,1999,
El Saadawi, Nawal. The Hidden Face of Eve. Women in the Arab World. Trans. Sherif Hetata. Boston: Beacon Press, 1981.
Ghoussoub, Mai. “Feminism –or the Eternal Masculine-“ in the Arab World New Left Review, Vol. 161. (1987), pp.3-18.
Maryi, Irshad. The trouble with Islam. Canada: Random House, 2003.
Mikhail, Mona. Images of Arab Women. Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1979.
Nashashibi, Salwa M. et al. Forces of Change: Artists of the Arab World. Lafayette, Cal.: ICWA, 1994.
Tahon, M.B. “Women Novelists and Women in the Struggle for Algerias's National Liberation (1957-1980)” in Research in African Literatures, Vol. 23, No. 3 (1992), pp. 39-50.
Walther, Wiebke. Women of Islam. Trans. C.S.V. Salt. London: George Prior, 1981.
Waines, David. An Introduction to Islam. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Yegenoglu, Meyda. Colonial Fantasies: Towards a Feminist Reading of Orientalism. Cambridge: CUP, 1998.
Women in Mediterranean Literature
Study of various representations of women in modern Mediterranean literature through an analysis of texts by both male and female writers. Writers from Catalonia, Spain, Morocco and Algeria will be included. The goal is to examine the ways in which gender, kinship, and sexuality structure women’s lives in Mediterranean culture, through historical and comparative case studies. Readings will be drawn from novels, short stories, autobiographies and drama. While theoretical issues are presented in lecture, the course focuses on analyzing texts according to basic strategies for literary works. There will be also occasional screenings of films, field visits, and lectures by guest speakers.
Attendance is mandatory for all IES classes, including field studies.Any exams, tests, presentations, or other work missed due to student absences can only be reschedule in cases of documentary medical or family emergencies. If a student misses more than three classes in any course half a letter will be deduced from the final for every additional absence. Seven absences in any course will result a failing grade.
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Lectures: Lectures provide the students with an opportunity to gain an overview of the course content and to clarify issues
Class discussions: The aim of class discussions is to facilitate the students ability to apply the theoretical material to lived experience. They also offer the student the opportunity to argue their views and hear the perspective of other students on selected topics.
Group process activities: Participation in group process activities allows for experiential learning of the “reality” of organizational behavior.
Reader: The reader is compiled of a selection of key academic reading, chosen with the aim of providing a general understanding of the subject matter.
Field Studies: These are classes outside in which the student has the opportunity to observe and learn about women in Spain and in Morocco.
Journals: Students write a journal in which they describe and analyze experiences relevant to the course material.
Class Participation (10%); Midterm essay (15%); Oral presentation (10%); Shorter written analysis (4:10% each); Field Study journal (10%); Take home exam (15%)
Session No.
Required reading:
Session 1: Introduction to the course: Why study women in Mediterranean literature today?
Session 2:Field Trip “Urban Space and Female Consciousness”
Kaplan, Temma, “Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918”, 1982. (article), pp.545-566.
Session 3:“Urban Space and Female Consciousness”
Kaplan, Temma, “Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918”, 1982. (article), pp.545-566.
Session 4: Woman in Marriage and Social Conventions
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Torn Lace”, “Champagne” and “The Wedding” in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996. (short stories), pp.60-67; 68-74; 91-98.
Session 5: Social Mores and Gender Politics. Student’s presentations and debate
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Feminist” in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996.(short stories), pp.118-125.
Session 6: Social Mores and Gender Politics. Student’s Presentation and debate
Pardo Bazán, Emilia, María Cristina Urruela (translator) “Sister Aparición”, in Torn Lace and Other Stories, 1996. (short stories), pp. 42-51.
Tolliver, Joyce. “Sor Aparicion and the Gaze: Pardo Bazán's Gendered Reply to the Romantic Don Juan”, 1994. (article), pp. 394-405
Session 7: Visit to the Bonnemaison Centre for Equality, Barcelona Provincial Council.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. “Morality undermined by sexual notions of the importance of a good reputation” in A Vindication of The Rights of Woman, 1792 (book).
Session 8: The Role of Women in Society: Introduction to the times and work of Federico García Lorca
García Lorca, Federico; Trans. J. Grahan-Luján and R. L. O’Conell, The House of Bernarda Alba (La Casa de Bernarda Alba), 1979. (play)
Session 9:The Role of Women in Society: Introduction to the times and work of Federico García Lorca
Seminar on Lorca’s play and the film.
Camus, Mario, La Casa de Bernarda Alba, 1987. (film)
Session 10: Women and Social Oppression. Introduction to the times and work of Mercé Rodoreda.
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 11:Field visit to the Gràcia quarter, scenario of Rodoreda’s novel La Plaça del Diamant
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 12: Women and Social Oppression. The Time of the Doves: seminar and students’ presentation.
Rodoreda, Mercé, Trans. David H. Rosenthal The Time of the Doves (La p Plaça del Diamant), 2004. (book)
Session 13:Student’s presentations
Session 14: Andrea and The Female Emancipation. Students’ presentation and debate
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003. (book)
Session 15: Andrea and The Female Emancipation. Students’ presentation and debate.
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003. (book)
Chown, Linda E. (1983). “American Critics and Spanish Women Novelists, 1942-1980” in Signs, Vol.9, No.11 (1983), pp. 91-07
Session 16: Student’s presentations
Deadline for midterm essay
Session 17: The Women and the Islam. Class, presentations and debate.
Mernissi, Fatema, “Muslim Women and Fundamentalism”, 1988. (article), pp.8-11.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria”, 1981. (article), pp.625-646.
Session 18: The Women and the Islam. Class, presentations and debate.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria”, 1981. (article),pp.625-645.
Session 19:Becoming a woman in the non-West: visible and invisible veils. Student’s presentations and debate.
Mernissi, Fatema, Dreams of Trespass. Tales of a Harem Childhood, 1995 (book).
Session 20: Field Study: visit to the association IBN BATTUTA
BBC NEWS, “Morocco boosts women's rights”, 2003. (article)
Session 21: Male and Western Fantasies about Muslim Women
Mernissi, Fatema, Sherezade Goes West or The European Harem, 2002. (book), pp.1-59; 167-220.
The New York Times, “In Mauritania, Seeking to End an Overfed Ideal”, 2007 (article)
Session 22: Maghrebi Women Worlds Apart: Kinship, Sexuality and Exile in North-African Women’s Lives. Class and debate.
Djebar, Assia; Marjolijn de Jager Translator ( 1992) “Forbidden Gaze, Severed Sound”, “There is no Exile”, “Day of Ramadan”, in Women of Algiers in Their Apartment, 1980 (book), pp 133-151; 61-73; 119-122.
Session 23: Female identity in and out of Islam: problems of intercultural communication: The Beur generation. Students’ presentations and debate.
Sebbar, Leïla; Dorothy S. Blair translator Sherazade. Missing: aged 17, dark curly hair, green eyes, 1999. (book), pp.1-25.
Session 24: Summary, questions and review.
General revision of the course notes. Submission of take-home exam.
Chown, Linda E. (1983). “American Critics and Spanish Women Novelists, 1942-1980” in Signs, Vol.9, No.11 (1983), pp. 91-07.
Djebar, Assia.”Forbidden Gaze, Severed Sound, There is no Exile, and Day of Ramadan”, in Women of Algiers in Their Apartment. Translator Mar.olijn de Jager. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992. Pp 133-151; 61-73; 119-122-
García Lorca, Federico The House of Bernarda Alba. Trans. J. Grahan-Luján and R. L. O’Conell. New York: New Directions, 1979.
Kaplan, Temma.”Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918” in Signs, Vol.7, No.3 (1982), pp. 545-566.
Laforet, Carmen. Nada. Translated by Glafyra Ennis, New York: Peter Lang, 2003.
Marshall, E.S; Stokes G.R. “Tradition and the Veil: Female Status in Tunisia and Algeria” in The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 19, No.4 (1981), pp. 625-646
Mernissi, Fatema. “Muslim Women and Fundamentalism” in Middle East Report. July-August (1988), pp. 8-11
Mernissi, Fatema. Dreams of Trespass. Tales of a Harem Childhood. US: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995.
Mernissi, Fatema. Sherezade Goes West or The European Harem. Washington: Square Press, 2002. Pp.1-59; 167-220.
Pardo Bazán, Emilia. “Champagne, Feminist, Sister Aparición, The Wedding, Torn Lace”, in Torn Lace and her Stories, translated by María Cristina Urruela. New York: Modern Language Association, 1996. Pp. 42-51; 60-67; 68-74; 91-98; 118-125.
Rodoreda, Mercé. The Time of the Doves. Trans. David H. Rosenthal (2004). Washington: Graywolf Press, 1962.
Sebbar, Leïla. Sherazade. Missing: aged 17, dark curly hair, green eyes, Translator Dorothy S. Blair. UK: Quartet Books, 1999. Pp.1-25.
Tolliver, Joyce. “Sor Aparicion and the Gaze: Pardo Bazán's Gendered Reply to the Romantic Don Juan”, in Hispania, Vol. 77, No. 3 (1994), pp. 394-405
Wollstonecraft, Mary. “Morality undermined by sexual notions of the importance of a good reputation” in A Vindication of The Rights of Woman, 1792.
General
Anderson, Bonnie and Zinsser, Judith P. A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present. 2 Vols. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
Bassnett, Susan Feminist Experiences: The Women’s Movement in Four Cultures. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.
Bock, Gisela. Women in European History. Trans. Allison Brown. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
Coward, Rosalind. Patriarchal Precedents: Sexuality and Social Relations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983.
Felski, Rita. Beyond Feminist Aesthetics. Feminist Literature and Social Change. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1989.
Forsas-Scott, Helena. Textual Liberation: European Feminist Writing in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 1991.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage Books, 1980.
Glover, David and Cora Kaplan. Genders. New York: Routledge, 2000
Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics. London: Routledge, 1985
Morris, Pam. Literature and Feminism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993
Spivak, Gayatri Ch. In Other Worlds. New York: Methuen, 1987
Stone, Linda. Kinship and Gender: An Introduction. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1997 Spain
Davies, Catherine. Spanish Women's Writing, 1849-1996. London: The Athlone Press, 1998.
De Castro, Rosalía. Daughter of the Sea. Trans. Kathleen N. March. New York: Peter Lang, 1995
Del Mastro, Mark P.. The Role of Women in Carmen Laforet’s Short Stories. Letras Hispanas, 2 (2). Available: http://letrashispanas.unlv.edu/vol2iss2/vol3index.htm 2005. Accessed: [02/12/2007]
Hoffman J. M. “Torn Lace and Other Transformations: Rewriting the Bride’s Script in Selected Stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán” in Hispania, Vol. 83, No.2 (1999), pp. 238-245.
Masoliver, Juan Antonio. The Origins of Desire: Modern Spanish Short Stories. London, New York: Serpents Tail, 1993.
Pérez, Janet. Contemporary Women Writers of Spain. Boston: Twayne, 1988.
Pérez, Janet. Modern and Contemporary Spanish Women Poets. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996
Rodoreda, Mercè. My Christina & other stories. Trans. David H. Rosenthal. Washington: Graywolf Press,
1984
Ugarte, Michael. “Working at a Discount: Class Consciousness in Mercè Rodoreda's La Plaça Del Diamant” in MLN. Vol.114, No.2 (1999), pp.297-314.
Wilcox, John C. Women Poets of Spain, 1960-1990: Toward a Gynocentric Vision. Urbana: University of Illinois P, 1997.
North Africa
Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale UP, 1992
Alloula, Malek. The Colonial Harem. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1987.
Bailey, David A. and Gilane Tawadros. Veil: Veiling, Representation and Contemporary Art. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 2003.
Bouhdiba, Abdelwahab. Sexuality in Islam. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London, Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.
Bouhdiba, Abdelwahab. The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture: the Individual and Society in Islam. Paris: Unesco, 1998
Denny, Frederick Mathewson. An Introduction to Islam. New York: Macmillan, 1994.
Djebar, Assia. La Nouba des femmes du Mont Chenoua. Algeria, 1977.
Cooke, Miriam The Weight of the Veil. In Women claim Islam: Creating Islamic Feminism through Literature. New York: Routledge, 2001.
El Guindi, Fadwa. Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance. New York: Oxford,1999,
El Saadawi, Nawal. The Hidden Face of Eve. Women in the Arab World. Trans. Sherif Hetata. Boston: Beacon Press, 1981.
Ghoussoub, Mai. “Feminism –or the Eternal Masculine-“ in the Arab World New Left Review, Vol. 161. (1987), pp.3-18.
Maryi, Irshad. The trouble with Islam. Canada: Random House, 2003.
Mikhail, Mona. Images of Arab Women. Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1979.
Nashashibi, Salwa M. et al. Forces of Change: Artists of the Arab World. Lafayette, Cal.: ICWA, 1994.
Tahon, M.B. “Women Novelists and Women in the Struggle for Algerias's National Liberation (1957-1980)” in Research in African Literatures, Vol. 23, No. 3 (1992), pp. 39-50.
Walther, Wiebke. Women of Islam. Trans. C.S.V. Salt. London: George Prior, 1981.
Waines, David. An Introduction to Islam. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Yegenoglu, Meyda. Colonial Fantasies: Towards a Feminist Reading of Orientalism. Cambridge: CUP, 1998.