The course gives an introduction to the importance of migration in international politics and to the major theories of migration in order to understand migratory processes and the relevance of their study from a global perspective. Empirically the course offers a study of the most important migratory movements in Europe since 1945, including labor migration in the 1960s and 1970s, post-colonial migration, asylum migration and current migration patterns in Southern and Eastern Europe. With this background, the different policy approaches of European states towards immigration and the resulting economic, political, social and cultural conditions for immigrants’ integration are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Different integration models with an emphasis on policies are described, exemplified and evaluated. This focus will be rounded up by taking a look at the development of the common European immigration policy, developed over the course of European integration. The course closes with a critical look at the different social realities and concepts of multiculturalism in Europe and the United States as background for a general debate on plural societies and transnational identities.
Prerequisites:
Course in European History, Contemporary Politics or International Relations
Learning outcomes:
In general, students will develop awareness of the relevance, causes and consequences of migration in international and domestic politics as well as they will be enabled to apply social scientific theories and analytical comparative methods to the study of these phenomena. In detail, students will be able to trace back major migratory mouvements in Europe and assess their causes and consequences. This knowledge will be complemented by the competence to compare different policy approaches to immigrant integration and to evaluate them in general as well as to give examples for the European context, given insights into single case studies. Students will overall know the major challenges of migration and multiculturalism in Europe as well as developments on the European level. These objectives will be achieved by a mixture of teaching and learning techniques, including class room lectures and discussions, group works, students’ presentations, independent study, and first-hand experience on field trips.
Method of presentation:
The course material will be presented in class by the professor in lecture form as well as given out on handouts. Students are expected to prepare the readings for each session and to discuss them with their fellow students and the professor. Participation is part of the students’ grade, and will be facilitated by short assignments and students’ presentations.
Required work and form of assessment:
Mid-term exam, 15 %
Term paper, 30 %
Term paper outline, 5 %
Term paper, 25 %
Participation, 25 %
Reading and research assignments, 10 %
Active class participation, 10 %
Presentation, 5 %
Final exam, 30 %
In the mid-term and final exam students are asked to respond to (essay) questions based on readings and discussions in the seminar. For the final they may furthermore be required to analyze and comment on a document related to an essential aspect of the course.
Term papers are expected to have 15 pages. The outline of the paper will be evaluated beforehand; topics will be discussed and assigned in class. They will be evaluated not only on the basis of content but also on correct structure and formatting. An outline of these requirements will be available to students as a guide. Shortcomings in any of these aspects will be reflected in the grade. To receive an ‘A’ on a term paper, students cannot neglect any of the given standards.
Students are required to complete all reading assignments and will be expected to demonstrate this through regularly assigned homework, pop quizzes and/or insightful and relevant contributions to in-class discussion. All of these components will count toward the class participation grade. Written assignments (homework and quizzes) will count toward 40% of the participation grade, while in-class participation will count toward 40% of the grade. Written assignments not handed in on time or not fulfilled in a satisfactory manner (e.g. not really answering a question) will lead to a 4 point deduction from a total of 40 points (40% of participation grade). Students’ presentations (ca. 20 minutes), covering more than the obligatory readings, count toward 20% of the participation grade.
content:
General Introduction: Course objectives, discussion of the syllabus and requirements –The importance of migration in international politics
Castles/Miller, Introduction, pp. 1-16
2. Field trip related to the course in Berlin: Turkish Union Berlin-Brandenburg
3. Theory I:
Theories on the origins of migration and the formation of ethnic minorities
Massey/Arango/Hugo et al., Theories of International Migration, pp. 431–454.
Castles/Miller, The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities, 19-47.
4. European Post-war Migration I:
Seeking Work(ers): Labour Migration in the 1960s and 70s
Bade, Migration in European History, pp. 227–234 (Receiving countries in central, western and northern Europe).
Verhaeren, Future Trends in International Migration to Europe, pp. 630-638.
5. European Post-war Migration II:
Asylum Seekers
Bade, Migration in European History, pp. 262–275 (Asylum and Refugee Migrations).
Neumayer 2005: Bogus refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe, in: International Studies Quarterly, 49, pp. 389-409
Extra:
Castles, Loughna, Trends in Asylum Migration to Industrialized Countries: 1990-2001, 1-5, 11-23.
Khalid, Asylum Policies, Trafficking and Vulnerability, pp. 91-111.
6. New Migration Patterns in Southern and Eastern Europe
Ribas-Mateos, How can we understand immigration in Southern Europe, pp. 1045-1063.
Okólski, Europe in movement: migration from/to Central and Eastern Europe, pp. 1-23.
Extra:
Alscher, Knocking at the Doors of “Fortress Europe”: Migration and Border Control in Southern Spain and Eastern Poland
7. Mid-Term
8. Theory II:
Integration and Multiculturalism in Societies of Immigration
Koopmans, Statham, Migration and Ethnic Relations as a Field of Political Contention: An Opportunity Structure Approach, pp. 13-39.
Entzinger, The Dynamics of Integration Policies: A Multidimensional Model, pp. 104-116.
9. Immigration and the Nation-State I:
Case studies: Oxymoronic Germany – Immigration to a Non-Immigration Country
Multicultural Holland – Myth or Reality?
Koopmans, Statham, How National Citizenship Shapes Transnationalism, pp. 215-232.
Engelen, Towards an explanation of the performance differences of Turks in the Netherlands and Germany, pp. 69-79.
Extra:
Heckmann, From Ethnic Nation to Universalistic Immigrant Integration: Germany, pp. 45–78.
Entzinger, The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism: The Case of the Netherlands, pp. 59–86.
10. Immigration and the Nation-State II:
Case studies: France – Between Nationality and Citizenship
Great Britain – The Dilemma of Who Belongs
Schnapper/Krief/Peignard, French Immigration and Integration Policy, pp. 15–44.
Murphy, France’s New Law: Control Immigration Flows, Court the Highly Skilled.
Joppke, Immigration and the Nation-State, pp. 223–248; 258–259 (Between Citizenship and Race: Great Britain).
General debate: Comparing and contrasting integration models in Europe
11. Comparing ethnic minorities from a European perspective:
Is there a European Islam?
Pauly, Islam in Europe, pp. 146 – 50 (Finding a Place for Islam in Europe).
Ramadan, Islam and Muslims in Europe, pp. 158–166.
Extra:
Koopmans et al. 2005: Minority Group demands and the challenge of Islam, In: Koopmans et al.: Contested citizenship. Immigration and cultural diversity in Europe, Minneapolis/ London, pp. 146-179.
12. Excursion to the Islamic Center Freiburg
13. Field Trip to the UNHCR, Geneva
14. Towards a European Immigration Policy:
Driving Forces, Achievements, and Short-comings
Geddes, The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe, pp. 126–148 (The Politics of Migration in an Integrating Europe).
Towards a common European Union immigration policy?
15. General Debate: post-migration plural societies and transnational identities
Castles/Miller, Conclusion: Migration in the New World Disorder, pp. 283-298.
Open questions
Required readings:
Bade, Klaus J. (2003), Migration in European History. Oxford: Blackwell. (IES Library)
Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller (1998), “Introduction”, in The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Macmillan, pp. 1-16.
Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller (1998), “The Migratory Process and the Formation of Ethnic Minorities,” in The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Macmillan, pp.19-47.
Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller (1998), “Conclusion: Migration in the New World Disorder”, in The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Macmillan, pp.283-298.
Engelen, Ewald (2006), “Towards an explanation of the performance differences of Turks in the Netherlands and Germany: the case for a comparative political economy of integration,” in Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 69-79.
Entzinger, Han (2000), “The Dynamics of Integration Policies: A Multidimensional Model”, in Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics. Comparative European Perspectives, Ed. Koopmans, Ruud and Paul Statham, Oxford, pp. 97-118.
Geddes, Andrew (2000), The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe, London: SAGE. (IES Library)
Joppke, Christian (1999), Immigration and the Nation-State. The United States, Germany and Great Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (IES Library)
Koopmans, Ruud and Paul Statham (2000), “Migration and Ethnic Relations as a Field of Political Contention: An Opportunity Structure Approach”, in Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics. Comparative European Perspectives, Ed. Koopmans, Ruud and Paul Statham, Oxford, pp. 13-39.
Koopmans, Ruud and Paul Statham (2003), “How National Citizenship Shapes Transnationalism: Migrant and Minority Claims-making in Germany, Great Britain and the Netherlands,” in Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States, Ed. Joppke, Christian and Ewa Morawska, Houndmills, pp. 195-238.
Massey, Douglas S., Joaquín Arango, Graeme Hugo et al. (1993), “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal,” in Population and Development Review, No. 3, pp. 431–54.
Neumayer 2005: Bogus refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe, in: International Studies Quarterly, 49, pp. 389-409.
Okólski, Marek (2007), “Europe in movement: migration from/to Central and Eastern Europe,” Center of Migration Research Working Papers, Nr. 22/80.
Pauly, Robert J. (2004), Islam in Europe. Integration or Marginalization? Aldershot: Ashgate. (IES Library)
Ramadan, Tariq (2002), “Islam and Muslims in Europe: A Silent Revolution toward Rediscovery”, in Muslims in the West. From Sojourners to Citizens. Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 158–66.
Ribas-Mateos, Natalia (2004), “How can we understand immigration in Southern Europe”, in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 30, No. 6, November, pp. 1045-1063.
Schnapper, Dominique, Pascale Krief and Emmanuel Peignard (2003), “French Immigration and Integration Policy. A Complex Combination”, in The Integration of Immigrants in European Societies. Ed. Friedrich Heckmann, Dominique Schnapper. Stuttgart: Lucius&Lucius, pp. 15–44.
Verhaeren, Raphael-Emmanuel 1993: Future Trends in International Migration to Europe, in: International Migration Review, 27 (3), pp. 630-638.
Recommended readings:
Alba, Richard, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer (eds.) (2003), Germans or Foreigners? Attitudes toward Ethnic Minorities in Post-Reunification Germany. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Alscher, Stefan (2005), Knocking at the Doors of “Fortress Europe”: Migration and Border Control in Southern Spain and Eastern Poland, The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies CCIS University of California, San Diego , Working Paper 126, November 2005, http://www.ccis-ucsd.org/PUBLICATIONS/wrkg126.pdf.
Ansari, Humayun (2004), ‘The Infidel Within’. Muslims in Britain since 1800. London: Hurst & Company.
Brettell, Caroline B., James F. Hollifield (eds.) (2000), Migration Theory. Talking Across Disciplines. New York: Routledge.
Brubaker, Rogers (1992), Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
Castles, Stephen, and Mark J. Miller (2003), The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Castles, Stephen (1995), “How Nation-States Respond to Immigration and Ethnic Diversity,” in New Community, 21 (3), pp. 293-308.
Castles, Stephen and Sean Loughna (2003), Trends in Asylum Migration to Industrialized Countries: 1990-2001, Refugee Studies Centre, Discussion Paper No. 2003/31, University of Oxford.
Cesari, Jocelyne (2004), When Islam and Democracy Meet. Muslims in Europe and in the United States. New York; Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Entzinger, Han (2003), “The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism: The Case of the Netherlands,” in Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States. Ed. Christian Joppke and Ewa Morawska. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 59–86.
Fetzer, Joel S. (2000), Public Attitudes toward Immigration in the United States, France and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Fetzer, Joel S., and J. Christopher Soper (2005), Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany. Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press. (IES Library)
Heckmann, Friedrich (2003), “From Ethnic Nation to Universalistic Immigrant Integration: Germany,” in The Integration of Immigrants in European Societies. Ed. Friedrich Heckmann and Dominique Schnapper, Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius, pp. 45–78.
Hönekopp, Elmar, Stanislawa Golinowska, and Milan Horalek (eds.) (2001), Economic and Labour Market Development and International Migration – Czech Republic, Poland, Germany – . Nürnberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung.
Khalid Koser 2000: Asylum Policies, Trafficking and Vulnerability, in: International Migration, Special Issue 2000/1, IOM, pp. 91-111.
Kivisto, Peter (2002), Multiculturalism in a Global Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Layton-Henry, Zig, and Czarina Wilpert (eds.) (2003), Challenging Racism in Britain and Germany. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lucassen, Leo (2005), The Immigrant Threat. The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe since 1850. Urbana, Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (IES Library)
Lucassen, Jan, and Rinus Penninx (1997), Newcomers. Immigrants and their Descendants in the Netherlands 1550 – 1995. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
MacMaster, Neil (1997), Colonial Migrants and Racism. Algerians in France, 1900 – 62. Houndmills: Macmillan, pp. 189–206.
Malik, Jamal (ed.) (2004), Muslims in Europe. From the Margin to the Centre. Münster: Lit-Verlag.
Marrus, Michael R. (1985), The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Modood, Tariq, and Pnina Werbner (eds.) (1997), The Politics of Multiculturalism in the New Europe. Racism, Identity and Community. London: Zed Books.
Nökel, Sigrid, and Levent Tezcan (eds.) (2005), Islam and the New Europe. Continuities, Changes, Confrontations. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag.
Ohliger, Rainer, Karen Schönwälder, and Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos (eds.) (2003), European Encounters. Migrants, Migration and European Societies Since 1945. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Panayi, Panikos (2000), An Ethnic History of Europe since 1945. Nations, States and Minorities. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Potz, Richard, and Wolfgang Wieshaider (eds.) (2004), Islam and the European Union. Leuven: Peeters. (IES Library)
Rogers, Alisdair, and Jean Tillie (eds.) (2001), Multicultural Policies and Modes of Citizenship in European Cities. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Shadid, W.A.R., and P.S. Van Koningsveld (eds.) (1996), Muslims in the Margin: Political Responses to the Presence of Islam in Western Europe. Kampen: Kok Pharos Publ. House.
Shadid, W.A.R., and P.S. Van Koningsveld (eds.) (2002), Religious Freedom and the Neutrality of the State: The Position of Islam in the European Union. Leuven: Peeters.
Spencer, Ian R.G. (1997), British Immigration Policy since 1939. The Making of Multi-Racial Britain. London: Routledge.
Spinner-Halev, Jeff (2006), “Multiculturalism and its Critics,” in The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, Ed. Dryzek, John S., Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips, Oxford, pp. 546-563.
Tamas, Kristof, and Rainer Münz (2006), Labour Migrants Unbound? EU Enlargement, Transitional Measures and Labour Market Effects. Stockholm: Institute for Futures Studies.
Ucarer, Emek M., and Donald J. Puchala (eds.) (1997), Immigration into Western Societies. Problems and Policies. London: Pinter.
Vertovec, Steven, and Ceri Peach (eds.) (1997), Islam in Europe and the Politics of Religion and Community. Houndmills, Basingstoke: MacMillan.
Wallace, Claire, and Dariusz Stola (ed.) (2001), Patterns of Migration in Central Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Andrea Schlenker earned a Ph.D. in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin (2007) with a thesis on “Democratic community in spite of ethnic difference”. Her Diploma studies in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin and the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris focused on international relations, European integration, democratic theory and the analysis and comparison of political systems. She is currently research assistant and lecturer at the University of Lucerne (Switzerland) and research member of a European network of excellence (EU-Consent). Andrea has publications in the field of political culture and democratic support as well as European identity (see for example 2009, “Demokratische Gemeinschaft trotz ethnischer Differenz”, Wiesbaden; 2008, Multiple identities in Europe: a conceptual and empirical analysis, EU Consent PhD Award 2008, http://www.eu-consent.net/library/phd/Award-winner1_2008.pdf; with Gerhard Göhler 2005, „Unified in diversity“ – A European Sense of Community by Civic Bridges, in: epsNet Kiosk Plus: THE NET Journal of Political Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, S. 67-83).
Migration, Ethnic Minorities, and Multiculturalism in Europe
The course gives an introduction to the importance of migration in international politics and to the major theories of migration in order to understand migratory processes and the relevance of their study from a global perspective. Empirically the course offers a study of the most important migratory movements in Europe since 1945, including labor migration in the 1960s and 1970s, post-colonial migration, asylum migration and current migration patterns in Southern and Eastern Europe. With this background, the different policy approaches of European states towards immigration and the resulting economic, political, social and cultural conditions for immigrants’ integration are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Different integration models with an emphasis on policies are described, exemplified and evaluated. This focus will be rounded up by taking a look at the development of the common European immigration policy, developed over the course of European integration. The course closes with a critical look at the different social realities and concepts of multiculturalism in Europe and the United States as background for a general debate on plural societies and transnational identities.
Course in European History, Contemporary Politics or International Relations
In general, students will develop awareness of the relevance, causes and consequences of migration in international and domestic politics as well as they will be enabled to apply social scientific theories and analytical comparative methods to the study of these phenomena. In detail, students will be able to trace back major migratory mouvements in Europe and assess their causes and consequences. This knowledge will be complemented by the competence to compare different policy approaches to immigrant integration and to evaluate them in general as well as to give examples for the European context, given insights into single case studies. Students will overall know the major challenges of migration and multiculturalism in Europe as well as developments on the European level. These objectives will be achieved by a mixture of teaching and learning techniques, including class room lectures and discussions, group works, students’ presentations, independent study, and first-hand experience on field trips.
The course material will be presented in class by the professor in lecture form as well as given out on handouts. Students are expected to prepare the readings for each session and to discuss them with their fellow students and the professor. Participation is part of the students’ grade, and will be facilitated by short assignments and students’ presentations.
In the mid-term and final exam students are asked to respond to (essay) questions based on readings and discussions in the seminar. For the final they may furthermore be required to analyze and comment on a document related to an essential aspect of the course.
Term papers are expected to have 15 pages. The outline of the paper will be evaluated beforehand; topics will be discussed and assigned in class. They will be evaluated not only on the basis of content but also on correct structure and formatting. An outline of these requirements will be available to students as a guide. Shortcomings in any of these aspects will be reflected in the grade. To receive an ‘A’ on a term paper, students cannot neglect any of the given standards.
Students are required to complete all reading assignments and will be expected to demonstrate this through regularly assigned homework, pop quizzes and/or insightful and relevant contributions to in-class discussion. All of these components will count toward the class participation grade. Written assignments (homework and quizzes) will count toward 40% of the participation grade, while in-class participation will count toward 40% of the grade. Written assignments not handed in on time or not fulfilled in a satisfactory manner (e.g. not really answering a question) will lead to a 4 point deduction from a total of 40 points (40% of participation grade). Students’ presentations (ca. 20 minutes), covering more than the obligatory readings, count toward 20% of the participation grade.
2. Field trip related to the course in Berlin: Turkish Union Berlin-Brandenburg
3. Theory I:
Theories on the origins of migration and the formation of ethnic minorities
4. European Post-war Migration I:
Seeking Work(ers): Labour Migration in the 1960s and 70s
5. European Post-war Migration II:
Asylum Seekers
Extra:
6. New Migration Patterns in Southern and Eastern Europe
Extra:
7. Mid-Term
8. Theory II:
Integration and Multiculturalism in Societies of Immigration
9. Immigration and the Nation-State I:
Case studies: Oxymoronic Germany – Immigration to a Non-Immigration Country
Multicultural Holland – Myth or Reality?
Extra:
10. Immigration and the Nation-State II:
Case studies: France – Between Nationality and Citizenship
Great Britain – The Dilemma of Who Belongs
General debate: Comparing and contrasting integration models in Europe
11. Comparing ethnic minorities from a European perspective:
Is there a European Islam?
Extra:
12. Excursion to the Islamic Center Freiburg
13. Field Trip to the UNHCR, Geneva
14. Towards a European Immigration Policy:
Driving Forces, Achievements, and Short-comings
15. General Debate: post-migration plural societies and transnational identities
Open questions
Internet Links on Migration
Andrea Schlenker earned a Ph.D. in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin (2007) with a thesis on “Democratic community in spite of ethnic difference”. Her Diploma studies in Political Science at the Free University of Berlin and the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris focused on international relations, European integration, democratic theory and the analysis and comparison of political systems. She is currently research assistant and lecturer at the University of Lucerne (Switzerland) and research member of a European network of excellence (EU-Consent). Andrea has publications in the field of political culture and democratic support as well as European identity (see for example 2009, “Demokratische Gemeinschaft trotz ethnischer Differenz”, Wiesbaden; 2008, Multiple identities in Europe: a conceptual and empirical analysis, EU Consent PhD Award 2008, http://www.eu-consent.net/library/phd/Award-winner1_2008.pdf; with Gerhard Göhler 2005, „Unified in diversity“ – A European Sense of Community by Civic Bridges, in: epsNet Kiosk Plus: THE NET Journal of Political Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, S. 67-83).